Evaluation of the effects of transaxillary breast augmentation on sentinel lymph node integrity

The transaxillary approach for breast augmentation has gained popularity because of the absence of scarring on the breast. However, the effects of this procedure on breast cancer detection and treatment (which rely heavily on the results of axillary status studies) remain under debate. Specifically, sentinel lymph node biopsy is not indicated for patients who have undergone axillary surgery, due to controversy about the interference of the axillary approach with evaluation of the axillary drainage.

The authors evaluate changes in axillary lymphatic drainage in patients who underwent transaxillary breast augmentation.

Twenty-seven patients who presented to Rio de Janeiro State University for breast augmentation were selected for this study. All patients underwent preoperative mammary lymphoscintigraphy, a subsequent transaxillary breast augmentation, and postoperative lymphoscintigraphy at 21 days and six months after the procedure. The postoperative imaging results examining the axillary lymphatic chain and the first axillary lymph node were analyzed and compared to the preoperative images.

One of the 27 patients (4.5%) demonstrated a lower rate of lymphatic drainage at 21 days postoperatively compared to preoperative values, but the flow rate had recovered by her six-month follow-up visit. All other patients showed no changes between the preoperative and postoperative images at either time point. The sentinel lymph node remained visible in all patients at all time points, and all breasts showed drainage primarily to the axillary lymphatic chain. Two patients experienced hematoma and one patient experienced late infection at four months postoperatively. The sentinel lymph node was still evident in both axillae.

The data showed preservation of lymphatic drainage and visible sentinel lymph nodes even after transaxillary breast augmentation. Therefore, the authors believe that this procedure does not alter the integrity of mammary drainage for properly selected patients. These data provide surgeons with a less invasive treatment option for patients with early breast cancer, even when they have undergone prior breast augmentation through a transaxillary approach.