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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2: an overview.

Jessica Moline¹, Charis Eng

¹Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

Genetics in Medicine : Official Journal of the American College of Medical Genetics

|May 10, 2011

Summary

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) involves RET gene mutations, leading to high risks of medullary thyroid carcinoma and other tumors. Early diagnosis and management are crucial for preventing life-threatening conditions.

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Genetics
Oncology

Background:

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) comprises three subtypes linked to germline RET proto-oncogene mutations.
MEN2 subtypes carry a significant risk of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), pheochromocytomas, and primary hyperparathyroidism.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of MEN2, including clinical presentations, diagnostic strategies, and management guidelines.
To emphasize the critical role of early clinical recognition and genetic testing for RET mutations in managing MEN2-associated neoplasms.

Main Methods:

Review of clinical descriptions of MEN2 subtypes.
Summary of diagnostic and testing strategies for germline RET mutations.
Outline of management, surveillance, and differential diagnosis for MEN2.

Main Results:

MEN2 subtypes share a high lifetime risk for MTC (70-100%) and pheochromocytomas (50%).
MEN2A has a 20-30% risk of primary hyperparathyroidism; MEN2B presents with distinct physical features and gastrointestinal issues.
Germline RET mutations are the underlying cause across all MEN2 subtypes.

Conclusions:

Clinical recognition of MEN2 subtypes and timely RET mutation testing are essential for effective prevention and management.
Proactive surveillance and management strategies are critical for individuals and families at risk of MEN2-related neoplasms.