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Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
Published on: June 17, 2025
Membrane array analysis of tear proteins in ocular cicatricial pemphigoid
Matilda F Chan1, Robert Sack, David A Quigley
1Francis I. Proctor Research Foundation, University of California, San Francisco Medical School, San Francisco, California, USA.
Purpose:
To explore non-invasive, protein-based, membrane array technology as a means to evaluate the global immune and angiogenic profile of tear proteins in patients with active ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP).
Methods:
Forty-three proteins consisting of cytokines, angiogenic/growth factors, and immunoinflammatory modulators were measured by membrane array in tear samples of four control patients and four OCP patients during active disease and after treatment.
Results:
Signals for several distinct and consistent molecular entities were upregulated in all four active OCP tear samples relative to controls. In particular, interleukin-8 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 were elevated during active disease and decreased after systemic immunomodulatory therapy.
Conclusions:
Protein array analysis may provide a well-tolerated assay to monitor levels of inflammatory markers in the tears of OCP patients in response to therapy.
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