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Related Concept Videos

Renal Drug Clearance: Overview01:06

Renal Drug Clearance: Overview

Renal clearance is a crucial parameter in pharmacokinetics that quantifies the rate at which the kidneys excrete a drug. It represents a constant fraction of the central volume of distribution containing the drug that the kidney eliminates per unit of time.
Renal clearance can be calculated using different methods. One approach is to divide the urinary drug excretion rate by the plasma drug concentration. This method directly measures renal clearance, indicating the kidneys' efficiency in...
Renal Clearance01:23

Renal Clearance

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a critical marker of kidney function, reflecting the efficiency of filtration by the glomeruli. Renal clearance of specific substances, such as inulin or creatinine, is commonly used to measure GFR.
Renal clearance refers to the volume of plasma cleared of a specific substance, such as creatinine, per unit of time. To measure clearance, urine samples are collected over a 24-hour period during each bladder voiding, followed by a single blood sample at the...
Renal Drug Clearance: Comparison Between Renal Excretion Methods01:08

Renal Drug Clearance: Comparison Between Renal Excretion Methods

Renal clearance is a critical parameter encompassing kidney filtration, secretion, and reabsorption processes. It is calculated using a specific equation to determine the rate at which the kidneys clear a drug.
Renal clearance is often associated with the renal glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which represents the rate at which plasma is filtered through the glomeruli in the kidney. When drug reabsorption is minimal and there is no active secretion, renal clearance is closely related to the...
Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Serum Creatinine Concentration and Clearance01:25

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Serum Creatinine Concentration and Clearance

In healthy individuals, serum creatinine levels remain stable due to a balance between its constant production—primarily from muscle metabolism—and renal excretion. Creatinine is freely filtered by the glomeruli, making it a valuable marker for estimating renal function. When the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreases, the kidneys can only eliminate less creatinine, causing serum levels to rise.Serum creatinine concentration is widely used to estimate creatinine clearance (Clcr), a...
Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Reabsorption01:25

Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Reabsorption

Tubular reabsorption, a process occurring post-glomerular filtration of drugs in the renal tubule, is a critical determinant of drug half-life. During the process of renal excretion, as the glomerular filtrate progresses to the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), drugs that are highly permeable, lipophilic, and nonionized undergo passive reabsorption from the tubular fluid into the surrounding peritubular capillaries. This reabsorption process restricts their elimination through the kidneys. This...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Non-invasive Imaging of Acute Allograft Rejection after Rat Renal Transplantation Using 18F-FDG PET
17:13

Non-invasive Imaging of Acute Allograft Rejection after Rat Renal Transplantation Using 18F-FDG PET

Published on: April 28, 2013

ARC--augmented renal clearance.

Andrew A Udy1, Michael T Putt, Robert J Boots

  • 1Burns, Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. andrew_udy@health.qld.gov.au

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
|May 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Augmented renal clearance (ARC) in critically ill patients can lead to subtherapeutic antibiotic levels and treatment failure. Understanding ARC mechanisms and patient risk is crucial for optimizing antibacterial dosing in intensive care units.

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A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion
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A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion

Published on: February 2, 2021

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Non-invasive Imaging of Acute Allograft Rejection after Rat Renal Transplantation Using 18F-FDG PET
17:13

Non-invasive Imaging of Acute Allograft Rejection after Rat Renal Transplantation Using 18F-FDG PET

Published on: April 28, 2013

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion
09:02

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion

Published on: February 2, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Sepsis mortality rates in hospitals and ICUs are high, necessitating adherence to international guidelines.
  • Optimal sepsis management includes early, appropriate antibacterial therapy at correct doses.
  • Current antibacterial dosing often extrapolates from healthy volunteers, neglecting unique critical care patient physiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the phenomenon of augmented renal clearance (ARC) in critically ill patients.
  • To explore the mechanisms, patient risk factors, and implications of ARC on antibacterial pharmacokinetics.
  • To highlight the under-appreciated impact of ARC on sepsis treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review examining augmented renal clearance (ARC).
  • Analysis of physiological changes in critically ill patients.
  • Evaluation of pharmacokinetic alterations of antibacterial agents.

Main Results:

  • Augmented renal clearance (ARC), enhanced renal elimination of solutes, is common in critically ill patients.
  • ARC can significantly alter drug pharmacokinetics, potentially leading to subtherapeutic drug levels.
  • This phenomenon may contribute to treatment failure in sepsis management.

Conclusions:

  • ARC is an under-appreciated factor impacting antibacterial efficacy in critically ill patients.
  • Understanding ARC is essential for adjusting antibacterial dosing strategies.
  • Optimizing dosing based on ARC can improve sepsis treatment outcomes and reduce mortality.