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Pulmonary tuberculosis in infants less than one year old: implications for early diagnosis

Gülsüm Iclal Bayhan1, Ayşe Seçil Ekşioğlu, Burçak Kitiş Çelik

  • 1Department of Children Health and Diseases, Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics, Children Health and Diseases, Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. gibayhan@gmail.com

Tuberkuloz Ve Toraks
|May 11, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Infantile tuberculosis is under-described, but this study found early diagnosis and treatment of infant tuberculosis are crucial. High suspicion and imaging like chest computerized tomography aid detection, improving outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) in infants is poorly documented compared to older children.
  • Limited studies exist on infantile tuberculosis, highlighting a knowledge gap.
  • Early detection and treatment are vital for preventing severe outcomes in infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To retrospectively investigate cases of infantile tuberculosis.
  • To describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, and treatment outcomes of infants with TB.
  • To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and prompt treatment in managing infantile tuberculosis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of thirteen infant tuberculosis cases from February 2007 to May 2009.
  • Evaluation of clinical symptoms, physical examination findings, chest radiography, and thorax computerized tomography (CT).
  • Assessment of antituberculosis treatment tolerance and patient improvement.

Main Results:

  • Thirteen infants diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB); mean age 168.8 days.
  • Common symptoms included cough (72.4%), night sweats (35.7%), and fever (21.4%); four were asymptomatic.
  • Thorax CT scans were abnormal in all patients, even with normal chest X-rays; all patients improved with treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Infantile tuberculosis requires a high index of suspicion for early diagnosis.
  • Thorax CT is valuable for diagnosing TB in infants, especially when chest radiography is normal.
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment of infant TB, alongside household contact management, can reduce morbidity and mortality.

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