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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview01:26

Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview

Drugs, the chemical agents used in diagnosing, treating, or preventing diseases, undergo a four-phase process of development: pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic.
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Bioavailability: Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders
11:47

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

Published on: June 8, 2014

Bisphosphonates: the first 40 years.

R Graham G Russell1

  • 1Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, The Oxford University Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Centre, Headington, Oxford, UK. graham.russell@ndorms.ox.ac.uk

Bone
|May 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bisphosphonates (BPs) are effective bone resorption inhibitors, acting via ATP metabolism or farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase inhibition. Their development showcases a successful journey from basic science to clinical application in treating bone diseases.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders
11:47

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

Published on: June 8, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Biochemistry
  • Bone Biology

Background:

  • Bisphosphonates (BPs) are analogues of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) developed to inhibit calcification and bone resorption.
  • Initial studies focused on physico-chemical effects, but later research revealed crucial cellular actions.
  • The development of BPs represents a successful transition from laboratory research to clinical practice for bone diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the history and impact of bisphosphonates (BPs) on clinical medicine.
  • To elucidate the basic science and clinical aspects of BPs.
  • To provide insights into the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic applications of BPs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical publications and scientific literature on bisphosphonates.
  • Analysis of basic science research, including in vitro and in vivo experimental systems.
  • Examination of clinical studies and therapeutic outcomes in human patients.

Main Results:

  • Bisphosphonates are potent inhibitors of bone resorption, acting through distinct molecular mechanisms.
  • Non-nitrogen-containing BPs interfere with ATP metabolism, while nitrogen-containing BPs inhibit farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS).
  • BPs are established treatments for Paget's disease, skeletal complications of malignancy, and osteoporosis, with significant clinical and commercial success.

Conclusions:

  • Bisphosphonates have evolved significantly, with ongoing research into new applications and optimized therapeutic strategies.
  • Understanding the unique profiles of different BPs is key to explaining potential clinical differences.
  • Despite patent expirations, BPs will continue to be vital generic drugs, with potential for new therapeutic uses.