Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Strategies of Self-Presentation I: Strategic Self-Presentation01:12

Strategies of Self-Presentation I: Strategic Self-Presentation

Strategic self-presentation refers to individuals' intentional efforts to influence how others perceive them. This process is employed in various social and professional settings, such as job interviews, dating, politics, and legal contexts, where individuals seek to shape impressions to gain social or material advantages. While people generally present themselves in ways that align with their authentic characteristics, external factors, such as cognitive load, can hinder their ability to...
Stratified Sampling Method01:16

Stratified Sampling Method

Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
To choose a stratified sample, divide the population into groups called strata and then take a...
Impression Management Techniques IV: Altercasting01:14

Impression Management Techniques IV: Altercasting

Altercasting is a strategic communication technique in which an individual imposes a specific identity or social role onto another person to influence their behavior and shape the interaction. By presuming a role—such as “responsible leader” or “patient person”—altercasting encourages the target to conform to that identity, often aligning their behavior with the expectations associated with the role. The power of this tactic lies in its subtlety; once a role is assigned, it becomes socially...
Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain01:29

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain

Three-dimensional strain analysis is crucial for understanding how materials deform under stress, particularly in elastic, homogeneous materials. This method employs principal stress axes to simplify complex stress states into more understandable forms. Subjected to stress, a small cubic element within a material either expands or contracts along these axes, transforming into a rectangular parallelepiped. This transformation effectively illustrates the material's deformation. The principal...
Robbers Cave04:49

Robbers Cave

During the 1950s, the landmark Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that when groups must compete with one another, intergroup conflict, hostility, and even violence may result. At the Oklahoman summer camp, two troops of boys—termed the Rattlers and the Eagles—took part in a week-long tournament. During this time, their negativity culminated in derogatory name-calling, fistfights, and even vandalism and destruction of property. However, this work also revealed that such tension could be...
Strategies of Self-Presentation III: Self-Monitoring01:24

Strategies of Self-Presentation III: Self-Monitoring

Self-monitoring is a central construct in understanding individual differences in self-presentation strategies across social contexts. It refers to how individuals observe, regulate, and control their expressive behavior and self-presentation following situational cues. Self-monitoring reflects a person's sensitivity to social appropriateness and willingness to adapt behavior to fit varying interpersonal demands.High vs. Low Self-Monitoring IndividualsIndividuals high in self-monitoring are...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The meaning of "harm" in personalized medicine-an alternative perspective.

American journal of epidemiology·2025
Same author

Generalizing experimental results by leveraging knowledge of mechanisms.

European journal of epidemiology·2020
Same author

Note on ''Generalizability of Study Results''.

Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)·2019
Same author

Challenging the hegemony of randomized controlled trials: A commentary on Deaton and Cartwright.

Social science & medicine (1982)·2018
Same author

Comments on: The tale wagged by the DAG.

International journal of epidemiology·2018
Same author

Causal inference and the data-fusion problem.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2016

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Use of Principal Components for Scaling Up Topographic Models to Map Soil Redistribution and Soil Organic Carbon
09:44

Use of Principal Components for Scaling Up Topographic Models to Map Soil Redistribution and Soil Organic Carbon

Published on: October 16, 2018

Principal stratification--a goal or a tool?

Judea Pearl1

  • 1University of California, Los Angeles, USA.

The International Journal of Biostatistics
|May 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Principal stratification is a statistical method for causal inference, especially with post-randomization factors in randomized trials. This analysis examines its conceptual foundation and value in estimating causal effects.

Keywords:
causal inferencedirect effectmediationprincipal stratificationsurrogate endpoints

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Use of Principal Components for Scaling Up Topographic Models to Map Soil Redistribution and Soil Organic Carbon
09:44

Use of Principal Components for Scaling Up Topographic Models to Map Soil Redistribution and Soil Organic Carbon

Published on: October 16, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Causal inference
  • Statistical methodology
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Principal stratification is increasingly used for causal inference in randomized trials.
  • It specifically addresses challenges posed by post-randomization factors.
  • The framework's conceptual underpinnings require careful examination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the conceptual basis of principal stratification.
  • To clarify the value of principal stratification in estimating causal effects.
  • To invite discussion and response on its application.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of the principal stratification framework.
  • Review of its application in causal inference.
  • Critical evaluation of its utility in randomized trials.

Main Results:

  • The conceptual basis of principal stratification is explored.
  • Its role in handling post-randomization factors is discussed.
  • The framework's value for causal effect estimation is critically assessed.

Conclusions:

  • Principal stratification offers a nuanced approach to causal inference.
  • Further conceptual clarity is needed to optimize its application.
  • Its precise value in estimating causal effects warrants continued discussion.