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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

High Sensitivity Measurement of Transcription Factor-DNA Binding Affinities by Competitive Titration Using Fluorescence Microscopy
Published on: February 7, 2019
Identification of Transcription Factor-DNA Interactions In Vivo
1Cancer Research UK, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, duncan.odom@cancer.org.uk.
Abstract:
Recent technological developments have revolutionized our understanding of transcriptional regulation by providing an unprecedented ability to interrogate in vivo transcription factor binding. The combination of high-throughput sequencing with chromatin precipitation of transcription factors and specifically labeled histones has allowed direct protein-DNA contacts to be visualized across genomes as large and complex as mammals at base-pair resolution. This chapter reviews the developments that led to these insights, with particular focus on examples of early protein-DNA localization experiments using genomic microarrays in mammals and yeast. Four state-of-the-art research directions are highlighted as examples of previously unimaginable frontiers now under active investigation.
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Transcription Factors
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation- ChIP
Types of ChIP
ChIP can be divided into two types - X-ChIP and N-ChIP. X-ChIP involves in vivo cross-linking of histones and regulatory proteins to DNA, fragmenting the DNA by sonication, and isolating the protein-DNA...
General Transcription Factors
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins
Co-activators and Co-repressors