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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Eukaryotic Transcription Activators02:42

Eukaryotic Transcription Activators

Transcription activators are proteins that promote the transcription of genes from DNA to RNA. In most cases, these proteins contain two separate domains ‒ a domain that binds to DNA and a domain for activating transcription; however, in some cases, a single domain is responsible for both binding and activation of transcription, as seen in the glucocorticoid receptor and MyoD.
The binding domains are capable of recognizing and interacting with regulatory sequences on the DNA. These domains are...
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...

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Related Experiment Video

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Mapping the Structure-Function Relationships of Disordered Oncogenic Transcription Factors Using Transcriptomic Analysis
09:58

Mapping the Structure-Function Relationships of Disordered Oncogenic Transcription Factors Using Transcriptomic Analysis

Published on: June 27, 2020

Transcription factor effector domains.

Seth Frietze1, Peggy J Farnham

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA, frietze@usc.edu.

Sub-Cellular Biochemistry
|May 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gene regulation relies on complex interactions between chromatin and transcription factors (TFs). Specific DNA-binding TFs and epigenetic mark readers recruit regulatory proteins to control gene expression.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Recent technological advances enable precise mapping of histones, transcription factors (TFs), and RNA polymerases across the genome.
  • Complex interplay exists between the chromatin landscape and the transcriptional machinery, crucial for gene regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which chromatin remodeling enzymes and general TFs are recruited to regulatory regions.
  • To highlight the role of "recruitment" factors in mediating interactions with DNA-binding TFs and epigenetic marks.
  • To provide examples of effector domains involved in transcriptional regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent technological breakthroughs in genomic mapping.
  • Analysis of protein-protein interactions in transcriptional regulation.
  • Examination of modular protein structures and their functional domains.

Main Results:

  • Chromatin remodelers and general TFs require recruitment factors for stable binding to promoters and enhancers.
  • Recruitment factors interact with DNA-binding TFs and proteins recognizing epigenetic marks.
  • Effector domains facilitate interactions with basal transcriptional machinery, co-activators, other TFs, and chromatin-modifying enzymes.

Conclusions:

  • Site-specific TFs and epigenetic mark readers are essential for recruiting regulatory proteins to cis-regulatory elements.
  • Modular "recruitment" factors bridge the genome and the transcriptional machinery through distinct interaction domains.
  • Effector domains play critical roles in transcriptional regulation by mediating diverse protein-protein interactions.