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Microbes and Climate Change

Microorganisms are pivotal agents in Earth's biogeochemical cycles, significantly influencing climate dynamics through their metabolic activities. These microbes modulate the levels of key greenhouse gases by both contributing to and helping mitigate climate change.Microbial Contributions to Greenhouse Gas EmissionsRising global temperatures accelerate microbial metabolism, which, in turn, speeds up the decomposition of organic matter. This process releases carbon dioxide (CO₂) through...
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Marine Microbial Ecology

Marine microbial ecosystems are shaped by distinct physicochemical limits, including high salinity, low nutrient availability, and fluctuating oxygen levels. These conditions favor smaller microbial cell sizes, which maximize their surface-to-volume ratio for efficient nutrient uptake.Microbial activity and community composition are closely linked to biogeochemical cycles, particularly in dynamic environments like estuaries, where halotolerant microbes thrive in response to variable salinity...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Multimodal Optical Microscopy Methods Reveal Polyp Tissue Morphology and Structure in Caribbean Reef Building Corals
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Multimodal Optical Microscopy Methods Reveal Polyp Tissue Morphology and Structure in Caribbean Reef Building Corals

Published on: September 5, 2014

Coral-associated bacterial assemblages: current knowledge and the potential for climate-driven impacts.

Morgan E Mouchka1, Ian Hewson, C Drew Harvell

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. mep74@cornell.edu

Integrative and Comparative Biology
|May 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Coral health is linked to their bacterial communities. While healthy and bleached corals share similar microbes, diseased corals show distinct bacterial profiles, highlighting the impact of climate change on these vital relationships.

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Physiological Characterization of the Coral Holobiont Using a New Micro-Respirometry Tool
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Physiological Characterization of the Coral Holobiont Using a New Micro-Respirometry Tool

Published on: April 28, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Marine microbiology
  • Coral reef ecology
  • Invertebrate-microbial interactions

Background:

  • Microorganism-invertebrate host associations are crucial for ecosystem health.
  • Understanding coral-bacteria interactions is vital for coral health and disease management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on coral-associated bacteria diversity, specificity, development, and functions.
  • To investigate the role of coral microbiota in coral health and disease.
  • To analyze if unique taxa correlate with coral health status (healthy, diseased, bleached) and reef habitats.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on coral-associated bacteria.
  • Meta-analysis of 16S rRNA gene surveys.
  • Comparison of microbial communities in healthy, bleached, and diseased corals.

Main Results:

  • Healthy and bleached corals share dominant taxa; bleached corals show increased Vibrio and Acidobacteria.
  • Diseased corals exhibit higher proportions of Rhodobacter, Clostridia, and Cyanobacteria, with decreased Oceanospirillum.
  • 16S rRNA surveys are useful for identification but caution is needed for pathogen prediction.

Conclusions:

  • Coral bacterial assemblages are sensitive to climatic changes.
  • Coral-bacterial relationships serve as a model for broader invertebrate-microbial interactions.
  • Microbiota composition provides insights into coral health status.