Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this species into the...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael acceptor.
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...
Chain Reactions01:29

Chain Reactions

Chain reactions involve highly reactive transient species, such as atoms or free radicals, as intermediates. These intermediates facilitate rapid reactions over an extended period. The process includes a series of steps: a reactive intermediate is consumed, reactants are converted to products, and the intermediate is regenerated. This cycle enables continuous repetition, amplifying the production of products with a small amount of intermediate. Chain reactions often utilize free radicals as...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evidence for a Spectral Break or Curvature in the Spectrum of Astrophysical Neutrinos from 5 TeV to 10 PeV.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Search for Quasiparticle Scattering in the Quark-Gluon Plasma with Jet Splittings in pp and Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Search for Extremely-High-Energy Neutrinos and First Constraints on the Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic-Ray Proton Fraction with IceCube.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

First Measurement of A=4 Hypernuclei and Antihypernuclei at the LHC.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Erratum: Measurement of the Sixth-Order Cumulant of Net-Proton Multiplicity Distributions in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=27, 54.4, and 200 GeV at RHIC [Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 262301 (2021)].

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Measurement of Atmospheric Neutrino Oscillation Parameters Using Convolutional Neural Networks with 9.3 Years of Data in IceCube DeepCore.

Physical review letters·2025
Same journal

Interplay of Anisotropy, Dzyaloshinskii Moriya Interaction and Symmetry breaking Fields in a 2D XY Ferromagnet.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2026
Same journal

Single-molecule electron transport near a charge-trapping orbital-level alignment.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2026
Same journal

Δ<sub>T</sub>Noise as a Robust Diagnostic for Chiral, Helical and Trivial Edge Modes.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2026
Same journal

A Quantum Framework for Negative Magnetoresistance in Multi-Weyl Semimetals.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2026
Same journal

Magnetic anisotropy and electronic structure in surface-supported single rare-earth atom magnets: a topical review.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2026
Same journal

Modeling thermal transport in AlN/GaN superlattices and heterostructures with machine-learned force fields.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride
04:51

Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride

Published on: July 8, 2021

Broken chain effect in doped SrCuO2.

S Chattopadhyay1, S Giri, S Majumdar

  • 1Department of Solid State Physics, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|May 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Magnetic and nonmagnetic doping of SrCuO(2) reduces magnetic interactions and enhances chain breaking. Doping introduces nonlinear magnetization due to free spins, with Ni ions in a low spin state.

More Related Videos

Facet-to-facet Linking of Shape-anisotropic Colloidal Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanostructures
09:12

Facet-to-facet Linking of Shape-anisotropic Colloidal Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanostructures

Published on: August 10, 2017

Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis
07:24

Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis

Published on: May 10, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride
04:51

Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride

Published on: July 8, 2021

Facet-to-facet Linking of Shape-anisotropic Colloidal Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanostructures
09:12

Facet-to-facet Linking of Shape-anisotropic Colloidal Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanostructures

Published on: August 10, 2017

Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis
07:24

Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis

Published on: May 10, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Magnetism

Background:

  • SrCuO(2) is a spin chain compound exhibiting interesting magnetic properties.
  • Doping is a common method to tune the physical properties of materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of magnetic (Ni) and nonmagnetic (Zn, Ga) doping on the magnetic behavior of SrCuO(2).
  • To understand the relationship between doping concentration and magnetic interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic doping of SrCuO(2) with Ni, Zn, and Ga.
  • Measurement of magnetic susceptibility and isothermal magnetization.
  • Analysis of magnetic behavior as a function of temperature and doping concentration.

Main Results:

  • Doping systematically reduces intrachain exchange interaction, largely independent of dopant type.
  • An increasing low-temperature Curie tail with doping indicates enhanced chain breaking.
  • Nonlinear isothermal magnetization arises from free/quasi-free spins in doped samples.
  • Doped Ni(2+) ions are found to be in a low spin state (S=0).

Conclusions:

  • Doping SrCuO(2) significantly alters its magnetic properties by weakening exchange interactions and promoting chain breaking.
  • The observed magnetic behavior in doped samples can be explained by the presence of free spins and the low-spin state of Ni ions.