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Related Concept Videos

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors01:29

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.
Therapeutic Index01:13

Therapeutic Index

The therapeutic index of a drug is a key parameter in pharmacology that quantifies the relative safety of a drug by calculating the ratio between the dose that causes toxicity in half the population (50%) to the dose that proves to be effective for half the population (50%). It provides a spectrum of doses for a particular drug ranging from effective to potentially toxic. To illustrate, consider an anticoagulant agent like warfarin. It possesses a narrow window within its therapeutic index to...
Cholinergic Antagonists: Therapeutic Uses01:26

Cholinergic Antagonists: Therapeutic Uses

Antimuscarinic drugs have various therapeutic applications by inhibiting parasympathetic stimulation in different systems. Here are the key therapeutic uses of antimuscarinics:    
Respiratory Tract: Ipratropium, aclidinium, and tiotropium treat asthma, chronic bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They protect against bronchoconstriction caused by irritants like cigarette smoke, sulfur dioxide, and ozone. They also help reduce nasopharyngeal secretions in common...
Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses01:30

Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses

Adrenergic agonists have diverse therapeutic uses across various medical conditions and emergencies.
Emergency and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) applications: Pressor agents increase blood pressure, heart rate, and contractility in shock and organ failure situations. Dopamine can induce vasodilation and stimulate adrenoceptors. Endogenous catecholamines are effective in treating cardiogenic shock. α2-agonists like clonidine can reverse anesthesia-induced hypertension.
Allergies and anaphylaxis:...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification01:16

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood at designated intervals to ensure the drug concentration stays within a therapeutic range. This monitoring is crucial for optimizing individual dosage regimens, enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and minimizing drug-related toxicity. TDM is vital for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, significant variability in pharmacokinetics, and a clear correlation between plasma levels and...
Therapeutic Communication01:30

Therapeutic Communication

Communication is a lifelong learning process. Through therapeutic communication, nurses can collect relevant assessment data, provide education and counseling, and interact during nursing interventions. Sending and receiving messages occur through verbal and nonverbal communication techniques and can happen separately or simultaneously.
Verbal communication depends on language or a prescribed way of using words so that people can share information effectively. The critical aspects of verbal...

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Validation of Therapeutic Agent Conjugation to Polyvinyl Alcohol-Coated Medical Devices
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Therapeutic applications.

Stephen Tilley1, Jon Volmer, Maryse Picher

  • 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 29799, USA, stephen_tilley@med.unc.edu.

Sub-Cellular Biochemistry
|May 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary

New research explores purinergic signaling for chronic respiratory diseases like asthma, COPD, and cystic fibrosis. Targeting purinergic receptors offers potential for more effective treatments where current therapies fail.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Cellular Signaling

Background:

  • Current treatments for chronic respiratory diseases show limitations in long-term efficacy and patient subset benefits.
  • Glucocorticoids, while effective for asthma, are less so for asthmatic smokers, COPD, and cystic fibrosis (CF) patients.
  • The pharmaceutical industry seeks novel therapeutic strategies for major respiratory conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review clinical and pharmaceutical applications of purinergic receptor modulators for respiratory diseases.
  • To leverage understanding of purinergic signaling in lung function and disease pathogenesis.
  • To guide pharmaceutical industry efforts in developing new respiratory treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of preclinical and clinical data on purinergic receptor agonists and antagonists.

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  • Integration of knowledge on purinergic signaling's role in pulmonary functions and defense mechanisms.
  • Scrutiny of existing research on purinergic activities in chronic airway diseases.

    • Main Results:

    • Purinergic signaling significantly influences pulmonary functions and defense mechanisms.
    • Aberrant purinergic activities are implicated in the development and progression of chronic airway diseases.
    • Purinergic receptor agonists and antagonists represent a promising therapeutic avenue.

    Conclusions:

    • Targeting purinergic signaling pathways offers a novel approach to treating chronic respiratory diseases.
    • Developing purinergic receptor-based therapies could overcome limitations of current treatments.
    • This review aims to realign pharmaceutical industry efforts toward effective purinergic-based respiratory treatments.