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Related Concept Videos

Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...
Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:33

Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry, also known as MS/MS or MS2, is an analytical technique that employs two mass analyzers. Essentially it is a series of mass spectrometers that helps isolate a particular biomolecule and then helps study its chemical properties.
This technique helps gather information regarding the protein from which the peptide was obtained and to study the peptides’ amino acid sequence. Identifying peptides from a complex mixture is an important component of the growing field of...
MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry01:19

MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

Mass spectrometry is a powerful characterization technique that can identify and separate a wide variety of compounds ranging from chemical to biological entities, based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The instruments that allow this detection, known as mass spectrometers, have three components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector. These spectrometers differ based on the nature of their ion source and analyzers.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a commonly...
Mass Spectrometry: Carboxylic Acid, Ester, and Amide Fragmentation01:01

Mass Spectrometry: Carboxylic Acid, Ester, and Amide Fragmentation

The fragmentation patterns observed for compounds such as carboxylic acids, esters, and amides in the mass spectra include ⍺-cleavage and McLafferty rearrangement. Fragmentation by ⍺-cleavage preferentially occurs at the carbon-carbon bond at the ⍺-position next to the carboxylic group to generate a neutral radical and a cation. Long chain compounds with hydrogen at their γ-carbon undergo McLafferty rearrangement to give a radical cation and a neutral alkene.
For example, the fragmentation of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Glycosphingolipid Antigens
13:09

Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Glycosphingolipid Antigens

Published on: April 16, 2013

Mass spectrometric glycan rearrangements.

Manfred Wuhrer1, André M Deelder, Yuri E M van der Burgt

  • 1Leiden University Medical Center, Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Leiden, The Netherlands. m.wuhrer@lumc.nl

Mass Spectrometry Reviews
|May 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Glycan rearrangements in mass spectrometry can lead to misidentified structures. Understanding these internal residue loss reactions is crucial for accurate carbohydrate analysis and avoiding errors in tandem mass spectrometry.

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Improved In-gel Reductive β-Elimination for Comprehensive O-linked and Sulfo-glycomics by Mass Spectrometry
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Improved In-gel Reductive β-Elimination for Comprehensive O-linked and Sulfo-glycomics by Mass Spectrometry

Published on: November 20, 2014

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Glycosphingolipid Antigens
13:09

Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Glycosphingolipid Antigens

Published on: April 16, 2013

Improved In-gel Reductive β-Elimination for Comprehensive O-linked and Sulfo-glycomics by Mass Spectrometry
13:06

Improved In-gel Reductive β-Elimination for Comprehensive O-linked and Sulfo-glycomics by Mass Spectrometry

Published on: November 20, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Glycoscience

Background:

  • Mass spectrometry is widely used for analyzing biomolecules like peptides, lipids, and carbohydrates.
  • Carbohydrate analysis via mass spectrometry can be complicated by rearrangement reactions, termed internal residue loss.
  • These rearrangements can be mistaken for standard glycosidic bond cleavages, potentially leading to incorrect structural assignments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mass spectrometric rearrangement reactions in oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates.
  • To highlight the importance of recognizing these phenomena for accurate structural elucidation.
  • To discuss strategies for mitigating misinterpretation in tandem mass spectrometry.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on mass spectrometric rearrangement reactions in carbohydrates.
  • Discussion of both derivatized and underivatized (native) oligosaccharide structures.
  • Consideration of rearrangements in glycopeptides, labeled glycans, and other carbohydrate-containing biomolecules.

Main Results:

  • Mass spectrometric rearrangement reactions are a known issue in carbohydrate analysis.
  • These rearrangements, particularly internal residue loss, can mimic true fragmentation patterns.
  • Protonated glycoconjugates are highly susceptible to rearrangements, while alkali adducts or deprotonated ions often prevent them.

Conclusions:

  • Awareness of glycan rearrangements is essential for accurate tandem mass spectrometry interpretation.
  • Tandem mass spectrometry analysis of alkali adducts or deprotonated ions can prevent rearrangements.
  • Understanding these reactions improves the reliability of structural assignments for carbohydrates and glycoconjugates.