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Related Concept Videos

Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory01:29

Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory

Attribution theory plays a crucial role in social psychology, helping to explain how individuals interpret the causes of behavior. One prominent model within this field is Harold Kelley's covariation theory, which provides a systematic approach to determining whether internal traits or external circumstances drive a person's actions. The model posits that individuals rely on three key types of information—consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness—to make these judgments.Consensus: Comparing...
Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is called the fundamental attribution...
Theory of Attribution I: Correspondent Inference Theory01:15

Theory of Attribution I: Correspondent Inference Theory

Correspondent inference theory, proposed by Jones and Davis in 1965, seeks to explain how individuals infer stable personality traits from observed behaviors. It suggests that people attribute actions to underlying dispositions rather than external circumstances, particularly when the behavior appears intentional and socially significant.Voluntary Behavior and Dispositional AttributionAccording to this theory, individuals are more likely to attribute behavior to personal traits when it appears...
Attribution01:26

Attribution

In social interactions, individuals frequently seek to understand the motivations and causes behind others' behaviors. This fundamental aspect of social perception, known as attribution, plays a crucial role in shaping interpersonal relationships and guiding future actions. Attribution refers to the cognitive process through which people infer the reasons behind others' behaviors, allowing them to assess character traits, intentions, and situational influences.Attribution Theory and Its...
Attribution Theory00:56

Attribution Theory

Behavior is a product of both the situation (e.g., cultural influences, social roles, and the presence of bystanders) and of the person (e.g., personality characteristics). Subfields of psychology tend to focus on one influence or behavior over others. Situationism is the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings. In contrast, dispositionism holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors (Heider, 1958). An internal factor is an...
Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping02:05

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about the way you...

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Applying an eMASS Customization Program as a Research Tool to Evaluate Consumer Benefits
08:27

Applying an eMASS Customization Program as a Research Tool to Evaluate Consumer Benefits

Published on: September 27, 2019

Using potential performance theory to test five hypotheses about meta-attribution.

David Trafimow1, Gayle Hunt, Stephen Rice

  • 1Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8001, USA. dtrafimo@nmsu.edu

The Journal of General Psychology
|May 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Violating perfect duties causes more negative emotions than imperfect duties. This study explores how this negative affect impacts people's ability to guess others' attributions, influencing meta-attribution strategies.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Applying an eMASS Customization Program as a Research Tool to Evaluate Consumer Benefits
08:27

Applying an eMASS Customization Program as a Research Tool to Evaluate Consumer Benefits

Published on: September 27, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Moral Psychology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Immanuel Kant distinguished between perfect and imperfect duties.
  • Violations of perfect duties elicit stronger negative affect and correspondent inferences than imperfect duties.
  • The impact of this affect differential on meta-attribution strategies remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of negative affect in meta-attribution processes.
  • To test hypotheses regarding how negative affect influences the effectiveness and consistency of meta-attribution strategies.
  • To determine if the affect differential associated with perfect versus imperfect duty violations is advantageous or disadvantageous for meta-attribution.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed and tested five hypotheses concerning meta-attribution.
  • Examined the relationship between negative affect (aroused by duty violations) and meta-attribution strategy effectiveness.
  • Assessed the impact of negative affect on the consistency of meta-attribution strategy use.

Main Results:

  • Negative affect may increase or decrease the effectiveness of meta-attribution strategies.
  • Negative affect can influence the consistency with which meta-attribution strategies are applied, irrespective of strategy effectiveness.
  • The study explored the dual role of negative affect in shaping social inference.

Conclusions:

  • Negative affect resulting from moral transgressions significantly impacts social cognition, specifically meta-attribution.
  • Understanding the influence of affect on inferential processes is crucial for comprehending social judgment.
  • The findings contribute to attribution theory and the study of moral decision-making.