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Related Concept Videos

Preparation of Diols and Pinacol Rearrangement01:57

Preparation of Diols and Pinacol Rearrangement

Compounds bearing two hydroxyl groups are known as diols. When the hydroxyl groups are located on adjacent carbon atoms, the diols are called vicinal diols or glycols. Under acidic conditions, vicinal diols undergo a specific reaction called pinacol rearrangement.
The reaction begins with transferring a proton from the acid catalyst to one of the hydroxyl groups, producing an oxonium ion.
Benzene to Phenol via Cumene: Hock Process01:27

Benzene to Phenol via Cumene: Hock Process

The synthesis of phenol from benzene via cumene and cumene hydroperoxide is called the Hock process. First, a Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction of benzene with propene gives cumene. Then cumene forms cumene hydroperoxide via a radical chain reaction. In the chain initiation step, the benzylic hydrogen is abstracted to give a benzylic radical. In the chain propagation step, the benzylic radical reacts with an oxygen diradical to form a cumene hydroperoxide radical. The cumene hydroperoxide...
Preparation of Alkynes: Dehydrohalogenation02:34

Preparation of Alkynes: Dehydrohalogenation

Introduction
Alkynes can be prepared by dehydrohalogenation of vicinal or geminal dihalides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide in liquid ammonia. The reaction proceeds with the loss of two equivalents of hydrogen halide (HX) via two successive E2 elimination reactions.
Cyclohexenones via Michael Addition and Aldol Condensation: The Robinson Annulation01:27

Cyclohexenones via Michael Addition and Aldol Condensation: The Robinson Annulation

Robinson annulation is a base-catalyzed reaction for the synthesis of 2-cyclohexenone derivatives from 1,3-dicarbonyl donors (such as cyclic diketones, β-ketoesters, or β-diketones) and α,β-unsaturated carbonyl acceptors. Named after Sir Robert Robinson, who discovered it, this reaction yields a six-membered ring with three new C–C bonds (two σ bonds and one π bond).
Preparation of Epoxides03:00

Preparation of Epoxides

Overview
Epoxides result from alkene oxidation, which can be achieved by a) air, b) peroxy acids, c) hypochlorous acids, and d) halohydrin cyclization.
Epoxidation with Peroxy Acids
Epoxidation of alkenes via oxidation with peroxy acids involves the conversion of a carbon–carbon double bond to an epoxide using the oxidizing agent meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, commonly known as MCPBA. Since the O–O bond of peroxy acids is very weak, the addition of electrophilic oxygen of peroxy acids to...
[3,3] Sigmatropic Rearrangement of 1,5-Dienes: Cope Rearrangement01:21

[3,3] Sigmatropic Rearrangement of 1,5-Dienes: Cope Rearrangement

The Cope rearrangement is classified as a [3,3] sigmatropic shift in 1,5-dienes, leading to a more stable, isomeric 1,5-diene. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six electrons, four from two π bonds and two from a σ bond, via an energetically favorable chair-like transition state.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products
07:59

A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products

Published on: October 4, 2019

Synthesis of pterocarpans.

Leticia Jiménez-González1, Carmen Hernández-Cervantes, Miriam Alvarez-Corral

  • 1Dpto. Química Organica, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain.

Natural Product Communications
|May 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This review covers the total synthesis of natural pterocarpans and their analogs. It provides an overview of key synthetic strategies and advancements in the field.

Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Natural Product Synthesis

Background:

  • Pterocarpans are a class of natural products with diverse biological activities.
  • The synthesis of pterocarpans is challenging due to their complex polycyclic structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on the total synthesis of natural pterocarpans.
  • To highlight key synthetic methodologies and strategies employed.
  • To discuss the synthesis of pterocarpan analogs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of published synthetic routes.
  • Analysis of key bond-forming reactions and stereochemical control.
  • Comparison of different synthetic approaches.

Main Results:

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Retropinacol/Cross-pinacol Coupling Reactions - A Catalytic Access to 1,2-Unsymmetrical Diols
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Retropinacol/Cross-pinacol Coupling Reactions - A Catalytic Access to 1,2-Unsymmetrical Diols

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Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy
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Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

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A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products
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A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products

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Retropinacol/Cross-pinacol Coupling Reactions - A Catalytic Access to 1,2-Unsymmetrical Diols
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Retropinacol/Cross-pinacol Coupling Reactions - A Catalytic Access to 1,2-Unsymmetrical Diols

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Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy
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Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

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  • Compilation of numerous total syntheses of various pterocarpans.
  • Identification of common synthetic challenges and successful solutions.
  • Overview of strategies for analog synthesis.

    • Conclusions:

    • Significant progress has been made in the total synthesis of pterocarpans.
    • Synthetic accessibility allows for further biological evaluation and analog development.
    • This review serves as a valuable resource for synthetic chemists.