Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Catheter-based Endovascular Angioplasty for Fibrosing Mediastinitis-associated Pulmonary Vein Stenosis
Published on: August 26, 2025
Sequential single-stage percutaneous balloon dilatation of an inferior vena cava obstruction with rheumatic mitral
Nakul Sinha1, Aditya Kapoor, Sudeep Kumar
1Department of Cardiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
Abstract:
The case is reported of severe rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS) associated with asymptomatic inferior vena cava (IVC) occlusion, detected incidentally while performing percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy (PBMV). The patient successfully underwent a single-stage balloon dilatation of the membranous obstruction in the IVC, followed by PBMV using the Inoue technique. The case represents a rare, incidental concurrence of IVC obstruction and severe rheumatic MS. This rare hybrid percutaneous sequential balloon dilatation is the first of its type to be reported, and highlights the growing experience of percutaneous interventional techniques in the management of such complex cases.
Related Concept Videos
Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management
Mitral Stenosis IV: Nursing Management
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction
Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests
Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management
Mitral Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management

