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Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...

Temperature Measurement Sites

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A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
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Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium

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Heat and temperature are essential concepts for everyone every day. The study of heat and temperature is part of an area of physics known as thermodynamics. It is not always easy to distinguish heat and temperature.
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Thermometers and Temperature Scales

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Any physical property that depends consistently and reproducibly on temperature can be used as the basis of a thermometer. For example, volume increases with temperature for most substances. This property is the basis for the common alcohol thermometer and the original mercury thermometers. Other properties used to measure temperature include electrical resistance, color, and the emission of infrared radiation.
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Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation

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Capillary electrophoresis instrumentation typically consists of several key components. A high-voltage power supply generates the electric field necessary for the separation by connecting to an anode (the positively charged electrode) and a cathode (the negatively charged electrode) located in buffer reservoirs at each end of the capillary tube. The system includes a sample vial, a fused silica capillary tube coated with polyimide for mechanical strength through which the sample components...

Thermosensation

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Controlling Flow Speeds of Microtubule-Based 3D Active Fluids Using Temperature

Controlling Flow Speeds of Microtubule-Based 3D Active Fluids Using Temperature

Published on: November 26, 2019

Versatile capillary column temperature control using a thermoelectric array based platform.

David Collins¹, Ekaterina Nesterenko, Damian Connolly

¹Irish Separation Science Cluster (ISSC), National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.

Analytical Chemistry

|May 13, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A novel platform offers precise temperature control for capillary liquid chromatography columns using Peltier units. This enables rapid, programmable temperature gradients for advanced chromatographic applications.

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Chromatography Science
Instrument Development

Background:

Precise temperature control is crucial for optimizing capillary and microbore liquid chromatography performance.
Existing methods often lack the capability for simultaneous spatial and temporal temperature programming.
Advanced applications require sophisticated temperature control for gradient elution and stationary phase formation.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a new direct contact platform for precise temperature control of capillary liquid chromatography columns.
To enable rapid temperature control and simultaneous temporal and spatial temperature programming.
To evaluate the platform's utility in nonstandard capillary-based applications.

Main Methods:

Development of a direct contact platform using 10 individually controlled, sequentially aligned Peltier thermoelectric units.
Implementation of a wide operating temperature range (15-200 °C) with a high ramp rate (approx. 400 °C/min).
Evaluation of the platform for applications including linear and nonlinear temperature gradients and gradient polymerization.

Main Results:

The platform demonstrated rapid and precise temperature control for capillary columns.
Simultaneous temporal and spatial temperature programming capabilities were successfully implemented.
The system effectively supported nonstandard applications like gradient polymerization for in-capillary monolithic stationary phase formation.

Conclusions:

The developed Peltier-based platform provides advanced temperature control for capillary liquid chromatography.
It facilitates novel applications requiring precise spatial and temporal temperature programming.
This technology enhances the capabilities of capillary and microbore liquid chromatography systems.