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Sphenopalatine artery ligation: a cadaver anatomic study.

Courtney B Shires1, John D Boughter, Merry E Sebelik

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.

Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
|May 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Endoscopic ligation of the sphenopalatine artery (SPA) is highly successful via a lateral nasal wall incision. This approach simplifies SPA ligation, avoiding unnecessary mucosal trauma in patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Anatomy
  • Surgical Procedures

Background:

  • The sphenopalatine artery (SPA) is a crucial vessel in the nasal cavity, often targeted for epistaxis control.
  • Accurate anatomical knowledge is vital for safe and effective surgical ligation of the SPA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the endoscopic anatomy of the SPA relative to intranasal landmarks.
  • To simplify the surgical approach for SPA ligation.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective anatomical study utilizing 50 human cadaveric heads.
  • Endoscopic examination of nasal cavities to identify the SPA and its foramen.
  • Measurement of the distance between the maxillary natural ostium and the SPA foramen.

Main Results:

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  • Successful SPA ligation via lateral nasal wall incision in 90% of specimens.
  • The mean distance from the maxillary natural ostium to the SPA foramen was 23.79 mm.
  • Maxillary antrostomy was required in 10% of cases, and uncinectomy was not needed in any specimen.

Conclusions:

  • Lateral nasal wall incision alone is sufficient for SPA ligation in most cases (90%).
  • The SPA foramen is typically located over 2 cm from the maxillary natural ostium.
  • Routine maxillary antrostomy and uncinectomy are often unnecessary, reducing mucosal trauma in patients.