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Hot Jupiters from secular planet-planet interactions.

Smadar Naoz1, Will M Farr, Yoram Lithwick

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Planetary perturbers can cause hot Jupiters to orbit stars in retrograde directions. This occurs through complex gravitational interactions and tidal forces, leading to unusual planetary system configurations.

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Area of Science:

  • Astronomy and Astrophysics
  • Exoplanetary Science
  • Orbital Dynamics

Background:

  • Hot Jupiters are gas giants orbiting close to their stars.
  • Some hot Jupiters exhibit retrograde orbits, counter to their star's spin.
  • Existing models struggle to explain retrograde orbits relative to total system angular momentum.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate mechanisms for forming hot Jupiters with retrograde orbits.
  • To explore the role of planetary perturbers in orbital evolution.
  • To analyze the impact of octupole effects and tidal friction.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated secular perturbations in hierarchical triple-star systems with planetary bodies.
  • Incorporated octupole-order effects and tidal friction.
  • Analyzed changes in the inner orbit's angular momentum component.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that planetary perturbers can create retrograde hot Jupiters.
  • Showed that the inner orbit's angular momentum can change sign.
  • Identified chaotic evolution and tidal circularization as key processes.

Conclusions:

  • Planetary perturbers, unlike distant stellar companions, can induce retrograde orbits.
  • Tidal interactions rapidly circularize orbits after high-eccentricity excursions.
  • This mechanism explains the formation of retrograde hot Jupiters.