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Related Concept Videos

Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects01:17

Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects

In an NMR sample, precise measurement of the absolute absorption frequencies of nuclei is difficult. A standard internal reference compound is added, and the frequency difference between the reference signal and sample signals is measured.
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to tailor drug therapy effectively. This monitoring is critical for managing drugs with narrow therapeutic indices like digoxin and phenytoin, ensuring they are both safe and effective. For instance, monitoring theophylline levels in asthma patients involves precision and sensitivity to adjust doses according to individual responses to therapy, ensuring efficacy and...
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Drug Concentrations: Measurements

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The importance of reference materials in doping-control analysis.

Lindsey G Mackay1, Rymantas Kazlauskas

  • 1National Measurement Institute Australia, Pymble, NSW, Australia. lindsey.mackay@measurement.gov.au

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
|May 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-quality reference materials are crucial for doping control, ensuring accurate calibration and identity confirmation of prohibited substances. Certified matrix reference materials are vital for method validation and quality control in anti-doping laboratories.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Forensic Science

Background:

  • Pure substance reference materials are available for calibrating doping control methods, ensuring traceability to the International System of Units (SI) for World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)-accredited laboratories.
  • While many prohibited substances lack threshold limits, requiring identity confirmation, only a few have defined limits where quantification is critical, necessitating the highest quality reference materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the availability and utility of reference materials for doping analysis.
  • To highlight the importance of high-quality reference materials for both identity confirmation and accurate quantification of prohibited substances.
  • To identify gaps in the availability of certified matrix reference materials and prioritize future needs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of currently available pure substance and matrix reference materials for doping control.
  • Assessment of the role of reference materials in method validation, quality control, and ensuring measurement accuracy.
  • Identification of emerging areas in doping analysis with unmet reference material needs.

Main Results:

  • A wide range of pure substance reference materials exist, but certified matrix reference materials are lacking in many areas.
  • Urine matrix materials are available for substances with threshold limits (e.g., 19-norandrosterone, testosterone/epitestosterone ratio), aiding in method validation and quality control.
  • Reference materials for isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) are available, with a steroid delta values material in production; needs for Athlete Biological Passport, peptide hormones, designer steroids, and gene doping require assessment.

Conclusions:

  • High-quality reference materials are essential for reliable doping control, particularly for substances with and without threshold limits.
  • Certified matrix reference materials significantly enhance the accuracy and reliability of doping analysis, especially near threshold limits.
  • Further development and prioritization of reference materials are needed for emerging doping detection areas to ensure the integrity of sport.