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Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis

Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite and the causative agent of trichomoniasis, one of the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infections in the United States. This extracellular parasite primarily colonizes the lower genitourinary tract in women—particularly the vagina—and in men, the urethra and prostate. Its structural and functional adaptations enable its survival, motility, and pathogenicity within the host environment.Structural Features and Host EntryT.

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...

Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management

Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management

In managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing, a comprehensive assessment is essential. Begin by gathering subjective data, such as the patient’s complaints of dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and any lower abdominal discomfort. This information can be complemented by questions regarding previous UTIs, sexual activity, and personal hygiene practices, which can provide insight into risk factors. Objective assessment should focus on signs like...

Anthelminthic Agents

Anthelminthic Agents

Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...

Antiprotozoal Agents

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Modeling Healthy and Dysbiotic Vaginal Microenvironments in a Human Vagina-on-a-Chip

Modeling Healthy and Dysbiotic Vaginal Microenvironments in a Human Vagina-on-a-Chip

Published on: February 16, 2024

Interventions for trichomoniasis in pregnancy.

A Metin Gülmezoglu¹, Maimoona Azhar

¹UNDP/UNFPA/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, Geneva, Switzerland, 1211.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

|May 13, 2011

Summary

Treatment for trichomoniasis in pregnant women with metronidazole may cure the infection but does not appear to reduce preterm birth. Further research is needed to understand the impact of treating this common sexually transmitted infection during pregnancy.

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Modeling Healthy and Dysbiotic Vaginal Microenvironments in a Human Vagina-on-a-Chip

Modeling Healthy and Dysbiotic Vaginal Microenvironments in a Human Vagina-on-a-Chip

Published on: February 16, 2024

A Human Fallopian Tube Model for Investigation of C. trachomatis Infections

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Published on: August 11, 2012

Forward Genetic Approaches in Chlamydia trachomatis

Forward Genetic Approaches in Chlamydia trachomatis

Published on: October 23, 2013

Area of Science:

Obstetrics and Gynecology
Infectious Diseases
Public Health

Background:

Trichomoniasis, a common sexually transmitted infection caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, affects pregnant women.
The link between trichomoniasis and adverse pregnancy outcomes like preterm birth remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the effectiveness of different treatments for trichomoniasis in pregnant individuals.
To assess the impact of these treatments on pregnancy complications.

Main Methods:

Searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register for relevant randomized trials.
Included trials comparing anti-trichomonas agents in symptomatic or asymptomatic pregnant women.

Main Results:

Two trials involving 842 pregnant women were included; both showed high clearance rates for vaginal trichomoniasis.
Metronidazole treatment in one trial did not reduce preterm birth and indicated a potential for harm (RR 1.78).
Another trial lacked the power to assess clinical outcomes.

Conclusions:

Single-dose metronidazole likely cures trichomoniasis but its effect on pregnancy outcomes is unknown.
Increased partner treatment might improve cure rates.
The safety and efficacy of treating trichomoniasis during pregnancy require further investigation.