[Pica--a historical "eating disorder"]

Pica, or the intentional consumption of things commonly considered as inedible, is a very old phenomenon. Between the 16th and 18th centuries it aroused widespread popular interest. It also was the subject of numerous medical treaties and intensive scientific research. At that time cravings for substances like chalk, soil or paper were discussed as a medical condition typically affecting young girls and pregnant women. Contemporary doctors developed theories about the disease and its genesis. Their publications reflect the commonly accepted medical knowledge of that time, religious beliefs and prevailing ideas as to possible therapies. In the course of time the view of Pica changed. There were new perceptions of this eating disorder among the doctors and its importance declined. Contrary to former times, today the medical and social interest in strange cravings is almost insignificant. The consumption of things commonly considered as inedible is seen as a very rare symptom that can be found mainly with people with psychological problems or mental deficiencies. This paper gives an overview of Pica as a typical disease of women between the 16th and 18th centuries. Besides it shows the historical development of a medical phenomenon up to the present, which has been strongly influenced by the cultural conditions of the respective societies.