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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
07:36

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Published on: November 20, 2015

Epidural abscess in a neonate.

Briony Hazelton1, Alison Kesson, Kristina Prelog

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia. brionyh@chw.edu.au

Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health
|May 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary

A neonate with fever and irritability was diagnosed with methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus infection. Early detection of deep tissue and epidural collections is crucial for managing this rare central nervous system infection.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Neonatal Neurology
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Central nervous system (CNS) infections in neonates are critical emergencies.
  • Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an uncommon cause of neonatal CNS infections, especially without predisposing factors.

Observation:

  • A 16-day-old neonate presented with fever and irritability.
  • Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures identified methicillin-sensitive S. aureus.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed extensive epidural abscesses and deep tissue collections.

Findings:

  • The extensive pyogenic epidural collection spanned from the upper cervical to lumbosacral regions.
  • Multiple deep tissue collections necessitated repeated surgical drainage.
  • The patient lacked anatomical defects or prior neurosurgical instrumentation.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of a comprehensive investigation for parameningeal foci in neonates with S. aureus bacteremia/meningitis.
  • Prompt diagnosis and aggressive management, including surgical intervention, are vital for favorable outcomes.
  • Highlights the need to consider unusual pathogens in neonatal infections.