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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
Ethical Dilemmas I01:17

Ethical Dilemmas I

Ethical dilemmas in nursing are of utmost importance, as they often arise from the tension between adhering to core ethical principles and the practical realities of healthcare delivery. These dilemmas require nurses to navigate complex situations where competing ethical considerations pull them in different directions.
Let us explore some examples to understand the potentially complex moral decisions nurses face.
Take the case of caring for minors, particularly in areas related to reproductive...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Intranasal Immunization and Milk Collection in Studies of Maternal Immunization in New Zealand White Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
13:00

Intranasal Immunization and Milk Collection in Studies of Maternal Immunization in New Zealand White Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Published on: July 31, 2021

Immunisation issues for Indigenous Australian children.

Robert Menzies1, Ross Andrews

  • 1Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.

Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health
|May 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vaccination benefits indigenous children, but delays and lower coverage for targeted vaccines persist. Improved surveillance and vaccine strategies are crucial for preventing diseases like otitis media.

Keywords:
indigenous peoplevaccinationvaccine-preventable disease

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

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Sublingual Immunotherapy as an Alternative to Induce Protection Against Acute Respiratory Infections

Published on: August 30, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Indigenous children face socioeconomic disadvantages impacting health.
  • Vaccination offers significant health benefits but requires improvements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify issues and recommend improvements in vaccination for indigenous children.
  • To address low coverage of targeted vaccines and lack of adolescent data.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of vaccination coverage data for indigenous children.
  • Review of current immunisation provider practices and data systems.

Main Results:

  • High rates for standard vaccines but common delays; lower coverage for targeted vaccines.
  • Lack of data for indigenous adolescents; need for improved client identification and register expansion.
  • Risk of Haemophilus influenzae type b re-emergence due to vaccine shortages.

Conclusions:

  • Enhanced surveillance and improved data collection are essential.
  • Expanded use of existing vaccines (influenza) and adoption of new ones (pneumococcal conjugates) are needed.
  • Interventions should target prevalent non-invasive diseases like otitis media and pneumonia.