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What is Genetic Engineering?00:49

What is Genetic Engineering?

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short...
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Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.For one, natural selection can only act upon existing genetic variation. Hypothetically, redtusks may enhance elephant survival by deterring ivory-seeking poachers. However, if there are no gene variants—or alleles—for redtusks, natural selection cannot increase the prevalence of...
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In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).Mechanisms of Genetic VariationThe original sources of genetic variation are mutations,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Preventing the Spread of Malaria and Dengue Fever Using Genetically Modified Mosquitoes
17:50

Preventing the Spread of Malaria and Dengue Fever Using Genetically Modified Mosquitoes

Published on: July 4, 2007

A Kantian argument against comparatively advantageous genetic modification.

David Jensen1

  • 1Department of Philosophy, Brigham Young University, 4093 JFSB, Provo, UT 84602, USA. davidj@byu.edu

Journal of Medical Ethics
|May 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Parental genetic modification for a child's comparative advantage is not rationally justified. This is because the advantage is lost if universally applied, undermining the justification for the modification.

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Area of Science:

  • Bioethics
  • Philosophy of Medicine
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Rapid advancements in medical technology make genetic modification of children increasingly feasible.
  • Ethical considerations surrounding parental decisions for children's genetic enhancement are paramount.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the rational justification of parental genetic modification aimed at conferring a comparative advantage to a child.
  • To explore the ethical implications of using genetic technologies for competitive enhancement in offspring.

Main Methods:

  • Philosophical analysis using a broadly Kantian ethical framework.
  • Examination of the necessary conditions for rational justification of actions.
  • Argumentation based on the principle of universalizability of reasons.

Main Results:

  • Parental genetic modification for a child's comparative advantage is not rationally justified.
  • The justification for such modification fails because it relies on exclusivity; if universally available, the advantage disappears.

Conclusions:

  • The argument highlights a conflict between individual genetic enhancement and the universalizability of reasons.
  • Distinctions are drawn between ethically problematic genetic advantages and ordinary parental support or societal competition.
  • The findings suggest that many perceived injustices in competitive advantage may stem from similar underlying principles.