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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...

Inheritance

Inheritance

Gregor Mendel's pioneering work on the principles of inheritance fundamentally transformed our understanding of how traits are transmitted from generation to generation. His experiments with pea plants laid the groundwork for the discovery of genes, discrete units within organisms that control heredity.
Each gene exists in pairs, and the combination of these genes from both parents forms an individual's genotype. This genotype is a blueprint of potential traits. Examples of genotype traits...

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...

Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance

Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance

In 1866, Gregor Mendel published the results of his pea plant breeding experiments, providing evidence for predictable patterns in the inheritance of physical characteristics. The significance of his findings was not immediately recognized. In fact, the existence of genes was unknown at the time. Mendel referred to hereditary units as “factors.”

X-linked Traits

X-linked Traits

In most mammalian species, females have two X sex chromosomes and males have an X and Y. As a result, mutations on the X chromosome in females may be masked by the presence of a normal allele on the second X. In contrast, a mutation on the X chromosome in males more often causes observable biological defects, as there is no normal X to compensate. Trait variations arising from mutations on the X chromosome are called “X-linked”.

X-linked Traits

X-linked Traits

In most mammalian species, females have two X sex chromosomes and males have an X and Y. As a result, mutations on the X chromosome in females may be masked by the presence of a normal allele on the second X. In contrast, a mutation on the X chromosome in males more often causes observable biological defects, as there is no normal X to compensate. Trait variations arising from mutations on the X chromosome are called “X-linked”.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Analysis of Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance in C. elegans Using a Fluorescent Reporter and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP)

Analysis of Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance in C. elegans Using a Fluorescent Reporter and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP)

Published on: May 5, 2023

A computational framework for the inheritance pattern of genomic imprinting for complex traits.

Chenguang Wang¹, Zhong Wang, Daniel R Prows

¹Office of Surveillance and Biometrics, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, USA.

Briefings in Bioinformatics

|May 14, 2011

Summary

This study introduces a computational framework to quantitatively analyze genetic imprinting and its inheritance across generations. The new model enables mapping of imprinted quantitative trait loci, advancing understanding of developmental and epigenetic mechanisms.

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Analysis of Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance in C. elegans Using a Fluorescent Reporter and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP)

Analysis of Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance in C. elegans Using a Fluorescent Reporter and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP)

Published on: May 5, 2023

A Computational Pipeline for Intergenic/Intragenic Enhancer RNA Quantification in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

A Computational Pipeline for Intergenic/Intragenic Enhancer RNA Quantification in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: October 28, 2025

Area of Science:

Epigenetics and Genomics
Quantitative Genetics
Developmental Biology

Background:

Genetic imprinting, where gene expression varies by parental origin, undergoes generational reprogramming.
Current understanding of imprinting reprogramming is qualitative, lacking quantitative measures of extent, pattern, and mechanism.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a computational framework for quantitative analysis of genetic imprinting magnitude and transgenerational inheritance.
To enable precise estimation and mapping of imprinted quantitative trait loci (imQTLs).

Main Methods:

A quantitative model based on reciprocal backcrosses between F(1) hybrids and inbred parents.
Definition of quantitative genetic parameters to describe imprinting extent and transmission.
Application of a novel computational algorithm within a genetic mapping framework for parameter estimation.

Main Results:

A framework and algorithm for quantitative analysis of genetic imprinting and its inheritance mode.
Demonstration of the model's utility in identifying and mapping imQTLs.
Discovery of genetic imprinting's role in regulating survival time for hyperoxic acute lung injury in mice.

Conclusions:

The developed computational framework provides quantitative insights into genetic imprinting.
This approach facilitates the creation of a comprehensive atlas of imprinting-related developmental and epigenetic mechanisms.
The study highlights the significance of genetic imprinting in complex traits like injury survival.