Gelatinase-a/mmp-2 serum levels and neoplastic progression in breast-cancer patients

The metastatic potential of cancer cells has been associated to their ability to elaborate and secrete basement membrane degradative enzymes. In this process a major role appears to be played by a protease known as gelatinase A (72 kDa type IV collagenase, MMP-2). In an effort to assess the significance of these findings to breast cancer progression, we have evaluated the gelatinase A/MMP-2 serum levels in a cohort of 80 breast cancer patients, 27 subjects affected by benign breast disease and 27 healthy controls. Although differences between the three groups were observed, with the highest values monitored in benign breast disease, they were not statistically significant. On the contrary, within the breast cancer cohort, the patients presenting clinical evidence of distant metastases (M+, n=40) had statistically elevated enzyme serum levels (p<0.03) compared to those without nodal involvement and distant metastases (N-M-, n=20). The statistical significance was still evident when considering the overall M- cohort (including N+ and N- patients, n=40) compared to the M+. Although indicating that, in general, gelatinase A/MMP-2 is not a useful serum marker for breast cancer screening and diagnosis, the findings point toward its involvement in the breast cancer metastatic process and suggest a possible value in monitoring the outcome of the disease.