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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

3D Planning and Printing of Patient Specific Implants for Reconstruction of Bony Defects
08:15

3D Planning and Printing of Patient Specific Implants for Reconstruction of Bony Defects

Published on: August 4, 2020

Reconstruction of the cheek.

Matthias Kuehnemund1, Friedrich Bootz

  • 1Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University-Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Kuehnemund.Matthias@gmail.com

Facial Plastic Surgery : FPS
|May 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Cheek reconstruction requires diverse surgical techniques like flaps and skin grafts, adapted to defect size and patient conditions. Surgeons must respect facial aesthetic units and anatomical landmarks for optimal outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Reconstructive Surgery
  • Facial Anatomy

Background:

  • Cheek defects necessitate complex reconstructive strategies.
  • Surgical planning must account for defect characteristics and patient factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss various surgical approaches for cheek reconstruction.
  • To highlight key considerations for successful facial defect repair.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of reconstructive techniques including local flaps, pedicled flaps, and skin grafts.
  • Emphasis on adapting surgical extent based on defect size, location, and patient history (e.g., prior irradiation).
  • Consideration of anatomical landmarks and aesthetic principles in surgical planning.

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Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
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Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

Published on: March 1, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

3D Planning and Printing of Patient Specific Implants for Reconstruction of Bony Defects
08:15

3D Planning and Printing of Patient Specific Implants for Reconstruction of Bony Defects

Published on: August 4, 2020

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
19:53

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

Published on: March 1, 2015

Main Results:

  • Multiple surgical options exist for cheek reconstruction, tailored to individual cases.
  • Adherence to aesthetic principles and anatomical constraints is crucial for functional and cosmetic restoration.

Conclusions:

  • Effective cheek reconstruction involves a tailored approach using various flap and graft techniques.
  • Respecting facial aesthetics and anatomical boundaries is paramount for optimal surgical results.