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Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
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The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...
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Centrifugation is a separation technique based on differences in density or size. It is commonly used to separate solids from aqueous interferents. During centrifugation, the sample is placed in centrifugation tubes and spun at high angular velocity, which allows centrifugal force to act differentially on the different densities or masses of the components. After spinning, the supernatant liquid is decanted. Depending on the specific application, either the pellet or the supernatant is retained...

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Fabrication and Operation of Acoustofluidic Devices Supporting Bulk Acoustic Standing Waves for Sheathless Focusing of Particles
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Flocculation and sedimentation in suspensions using ultrasonic wave reflection.

Chul-Woo Chung1, John S Popovics, Leslie J Struble

  • 1Radiological Materials and Technology Development Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|May 17, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Ultrasonic wave reflection reveals how Portland cement paste solidifies. Changes in P- and S-wave reflection coefficients distinguish between flocculation and sedimentation during early-stage hydration.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Acoustics
  • Civil Engineering

Background:

  • Understanding the early hydration of Portland cement is crucial for controlling its properties.
  • Ultrasonic wave reflection offers a non-destructive method to probe material changes.
  • Microstructural evolution, including flocculation and sedimentation, influences material behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To interpret the ultrasonic wave reflection response of hydrating Portland cement paste.
  • To correlate P- and S-wave reflection coefficients with microstructural changes like flocculation and sedimentation.
  • To provide insights into the early-stage transformation of cement paste from fluid to solid.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a high impact polystyrene buffer for measuring P- and S-wave reflection coefficients.
  • Studied non-hydrating colloidal alumina suspensions (pH-controlled dispersed/flocculated states).
  • Investigated coarse silica suspensions to observe sedimentation effects.

Main Results:

  • The S-wave reflection coefficient effectively differentiated between dispersed and flocculated states in suspensions.
  • The P-wave reflection coefficient successfully identified particle sedimentation in dispersed suspensions.
  • Observed P- and S-wave responses from hydrating cement paste were linked to flocculation and sedimentation.

Conclusions:

  • Ultrasonic wave reflection analysis provides a method to monitor early-stage cement hydration.
  • Flocculation and sedimentation are key processes influencing the acoustic response of hydrating cement paste.
  • This study offers a framework for interpreting ultrasonic data during cement setting.