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Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory02:45

Valence Bond Theory

Overview of Valence Bond Theory
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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When two atoms share electrons to complete their valence shells, they create a covalent bond. An atom's electronegativity—the force with which shared electrons are pulled towards an atom—determines how the electrons are shared. Molecules formed with covalent bonds can be either polar or nonpolar. Atoms with similar electronegativities form nonpolar covalent bonds; the electrons are shared equally. Atoms with different electronegativities share electrons unequally, creating polar bonds.
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When two atoms share electrons to complete their valence shells they create a covalent bond. An atom’s electronegativity—the force with which shared electrons are pulled towards an atom—determines how the electrons are shared. Molecules formed with covalent bonds can be either polar or nonpolar. Atoms with similar electronegativities form nonpolar covalent bonds; the electrons are shared equally. Atoms with different electronegativities share electrons unequally, creating polar bonds.A Covalent...
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Imaging covalent bonding between two NO molecules on Cu(110).

A Shiotari1, Y Kitaguchi, H Okuyama

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.

Physical Review Letters
|May 17, 2011
PubMed
Summary

We discovered nitrogen monoxide (NO) molecules on copper can exist in upright or bent forms. Manipulating upright NO molecules allowed visualization of their covalent interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Surface science
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Chemical physics

Background:

  • Nitrogen monoxide (NO) adsorption on metal surfaces is crucial for catalysis and surface chemistry.
  • Understanding molecular states and interactions at the nanoscale is key to designing new materials and devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural phases and electronic properties of NO molecules on a Cu(110) surface.
  • To explore the covalent interactions between adsorbed NO molecules.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) for atomic-scale imaging and manipulation.
  • Probing electronic states via the 2π* molecular resonance at the Fermi level.

Main Results:

  • Identified metastable upright NO on Cu(110) with the 2π* resonance at the Fermi level.
  • Observed conversion to a bent structure upon heating above 40 K, with loss of molecular resonance.
  • Demonstrated controlled overlap of 2π* orbitals between adjacent upright NO molecules, leading to orbital splitting.

Conclusions:

  • The study visualizes covalent interactions between NO molecules on a surface through orbital overlap.
  • Provides insights into the dynamic structural and electronic behavior of adsorbed molecules.