Assessment of the Rectum and Anus
Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination
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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Retzius-Sparing Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy
Published on: May 19, 2022
Holger Gerullis1, Sonja Quast, Christoph Eimer
1Department of Urology, Lukas Hospital, Neuss, Germany. holger.gerullis@gmx.net
Radical prostatectomy can cause external urethral sphincter damage, leading to incontinence. Direct injuries, particularly at the anastomosis, are common and identifiable via cystoscopy.
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