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DNA polymerase ι of mammals as a participant in translesion synthesis of DNA

L V Gening1

  • 1Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. geni@img.ras.ru

Biochemistry. Biokhimiia
|May 17, 2011
PubMed

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Translesion DNA Polymerases

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Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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Proofreading

Synthesis of new DNA molecules is carried out by the enzyme DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides on the daughter strand complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity to add the correct base and ensures fidelity during DNA replication. Furthermore,  it exhibits proofreading activity during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.
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Proofreading

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DNA Replication

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