Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 2, 2026
Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans
Published on: September 8, 2023
Optimization analysis for plane orientation in 3-dimensional cephalometric analysis of serial cone-beam computerized
Manuel O Lagravère1, Marc Secanell, Paul W Major
1Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada. manuel@ualberta.ca
Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate and reduce potential errors associated with superimposition of serial cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) images using planes based on cranial base landmarks.
Methods:
CBCTs from 10 patients were analyzed. The potential impact of errors in cranial base landmark identification on assessment of the relative position of distant landmarks is mitigated by means of a mathematical algorithm that ensures that the distances and angles between landmark identification points are maintained for different images by readjusting the landmark coordinates.
Results:
Significant improvement was observed after optimization. The errors found in a previous study were significantly reduced, some by more than 90%. Errors found in the standardization were viewed in both infraorbitals and mentons ranging from 1 to 3 mm.
Conclusions:
The mathematical transformation to readjust the coordinates of ELSA, left and right auditory external meatus (AEM), and dorsum foramen magnum (DFM) points significantly improves their use for image superimposition.
