Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies
Published on: January 10, 2025
Serum anti-müllerian hormone level is not altered in women using hormonal contraceptives
Hang Wun Raymond Li1, Ching Yin Grace Wong, William Shu Biu Yeung
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China. raymondli@hkucc.hku.hk
Background:
Anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) is secreted from granulosa cells of antral follicles into the circulation of adult women and hence could serve as an ovarian function test. This would be of value to hormonal contraceptive users if its serum level is unaffected by the use of hormonal contraceptives.
Study Design:
We prospectively recruited 95 women using combined oral contraceptive (n=23), combined injectable contraceptive (n=23), progestogen-only pills (n=9), progestogen-only injectable (n=20) and levonorgestrel intrauterine system (n=20), and measured their serum AMH concentration before and 3-4 months after treatment.
Results:
No significant difference in pre- and post-treatment serum AMH level was evident in all the treatment groups studied.
Conclusions:
Being unaffected by hormonal contraceptives, serum AMH measurement is potentially a useful clinical test in hormonal contraceptive users for the differential diagnosis of anovulatory disorders and determination of menopause.
Related Concept Videos
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
Birth Control Methods
Menopause
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle. At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Ovarian Cycle
Hormonal Regulation