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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Studying the Effects of Tumor-Secreted Paracrine Ligands on Macrophage Activation using Co-Culture with Permeable Membrane Supports
Published on: November 28, 2019
Interventions that induce modifications in the tumor microenvironment
1Radiotherapy Development Branch, Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, 6130 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20892-7440, United States. bernhardej@mail.nih.gov
Abstract:
Non-surgical cancer therapeutic strategies have focused primarily on direct killing of cancer cells by chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that the efficacy of these therapies can be significantly influenced by the tumor microenvironment. The microenvironment poses both obstacles and opportunities for new therapeutic interventions. New developments in this area are the topic of this review.
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