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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Vaccinations01:51

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Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

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Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...

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Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-vector and Anti-transgene-Specific CD8+ T Cells Via MHC I Tetramer Staining After Vaccination with a Viral Vector
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Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-vector and Anti-transgene-Specific CD8+ T Cells Via MHC I Tetramer Staining After Vaccination with a Viral Vector

Published on: November 28, 2018

Combination vaccines.

David Ag Skibinski1, Barbara C Baudner, Manmohan Singh

  • 1Novartis Vaccines, Via Fiorentina 1, Siena, Italy.

Journal of Global Infectious Diseases
|May 17, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Combination vaccines like DTaP, polio, Hib, and HepB have protected children for decades. Developing these vaccines presented challenges, but they improved immunization compliance by reducing shots.

Keywords:
AdjuvantCombination vaccineDiphtheriaHaemophilus influenzaHepatitis BNeisseria meningitidisPertussisPoliovirusStreptococcus pneumoniaeTetanus

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric immunology
  • Vaccine development
  • Public health

Background:

  • Combination vaccines, including diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DTaP), inactivated polio, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and hepatitis B (HepB), are crucial for pediatric immunization.
  • These combination vaccines have significantly increased immunization compliance by reducing the number of injections required.
  • The evolution of combination vaccines has faced several hurdles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the challenges encountered during the development of pediatric combination vaccines.
  • To discuss the future directions and prospects for combination vaccine technology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of historical and current combination vaccine development.
  • Analysis of immunological responses and safety profiles.
  • Examination of immunization schedule integration and compliance data.

Main Results:

  • Early combination vaccines faced challenges such as reduced immune response to Hib vaccine and scheduling complexities for HepB vaccine.
  • Improvements in vaccine safety profiles for DTaP components were necessary.
  • Successful integration of multiple antigens into single vaccine products has streamlined pediatric immunization schedules.

Conclusions:

  • Combination vaccines have been instrumental in enhancing pediatric immunization coverage.
  • Overcoming developmental challenges has led to more effective and compliant vaccination strategies.
  • Future research will likely focus on further optimizing safety, efficacy, and the number of antigens in combination vaccines.