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Development of Obliterative Bronchiolitis in a Murine Model of Orthotopic Lung Transplantation
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A case of bronchiolitis obliterans in a young child

Vaibhav Keskar1, Milind S Tullu, Sandeep B Bavdekar

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India.

Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine : Peer-Reviewed, Official Publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine
|May 17, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), a rare obstructive lung disease, can develop in children after severe respiratory infections. This case highlights a potential link between prolonged mechanical ventilation and BO development, with positive response to corticosteroids.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Pediatric Respiratory Medicine
  • Critical Care

Background:

  • Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a rare obstructive lung disease affecting small airways.
  • It often follows severe lower respiratory tract infections, particularly in children.
  • The role of mechanical ventilation in BO etiology is not well-established.

Observation:

  • A three-year-old child developed BO after a severe lower respiratory tract infection.
  • The child required prolonged mechanical ventilation and developed ventilator-associated pneumonia.
  • The patient presented with classic symptoms of dyspnea, chronic cough, sputum production, and wheezing.

Findings:

  • Computed tomographic (CT) scans aided in diagnosis, complementing histopathology.
  • The case suggests a potential association between prolonged mechanical ventilation and BO in pediatric patients.
  • The child showed a positive clinical response to corticosteroid treatment.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering mechanical ventilation as a potential contributing factor in pediatric BO.
  • Early diagnosis and management, including prompt corticosteroid therapy, may improve outcomes.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the etiological role of mechanical ventilation in BO.

Keywords:
Bronchiolitis obliteranschestchildlungmechanical ventilationpneumoniasteroids

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