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Related Concept Videos

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Nephrotic Syndrome III : Nursing Management01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome III : Nursing Management

Nursing management for nephrotic syndrome adapts as the disease progresses, with strategies evolving to address advancing symptoms and complications.Early-Stage Management In the early stages, nursing interventions for nephrotic syndrome resemble those used in managing acute glomerulonephritis, focusing on symptom monitoring, fluid balance, and managing mild to moderate edema.Vital Signs: Regularly monitor blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and temperature to promptly identify...
Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document any history...
Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

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Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Model for Investigating Kidney Interstitial Fibrosis
04:37

Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Model for Investigating Kidney Interstitial Fibrosis

Published on: April 25, 2025

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: current concepts.

Prasanta Basak1, Stephen Jesmajian

  • 1Sound Shore Medical Center, New Rochelle, New York; and New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA.

Indian Journal of Dermatology
|May 17, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a serious condition linked to gadolinium contrast agents in patients with kidney disease. Avoiding these agents in at-risk individuals is key to preventing NSF.

Keywords:
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosisgadolinium contrastmagnetic resonance imaging

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Ex Vivo Corneal Organ Culture Model for Wound Healing Studies
06:46

Ex Vivo Corneal Organ Culture Model for Wound Healing Studies

Published on: February 15, 2019

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Model for Investigating Kidney Interstitial Fibrosis
04:37

Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Model for Investigating Kidney Interstitial Fibrosis

Published on: April 25, 2025

Ex Vivo Corneal Organ Culture Model for Wound Healing Studies
06:46

Ex Vivo Corneal Organ Culture Model for Wound Healing Studies

Published on: February 15, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Radiology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a debilitating condition first described in 2000.
  • A strong association between NSF and gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) used in MRI was established in 2006.
  • NSF affects patients globally, regardless of ethnicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF).
  • To highlight the critical role of gadolinium contrast exposure in the development of NSF.
  • To emphasize preventative strategies for NSF.

Main Methods:

  • Review of published literature on NSF cases.
  • Analysis of clinical features and histological findings.
  • Correlation of NSF development with prior exposure to gadolinium contrast agents.

Main Results:

  • NSF presents with characteristic skin lesions, including thickened, indurated plaques, and can involve extracutaneous manifestations.
  • Diagnosis relies on clinical presentation in patients with chronic kidney disease, supported by skin biopsy.
  • Virtually all reported NSF cases followed exposure to gadolinium-containing contrast agents.

Conclusions:

  • NSF is a progressive condition with no consistently effective treatment.
  • Improving renal function may slow NSF progression.
  • Prevention is paramount and involves avoiding gadolinium contrast agents in patients at risk for NSF.