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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing
Published on: December 11, 2017
Quadripolar Left Ventricular Lead in a Patient with CRT-D Does Not Overcome Phrenic Nerve Stimulation
Mariana S Parahuleva1, Ritvan Chasan, Nedim Soydan
1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Location Giessen, Germany. Helfmann-Park 1, 65760 Eschborn, Germany.
Abstract:
Effective cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) requires an accurate atrio-biventricular pacing system. The innovative Quartet lead is a quadripolar, over-the-wire left ventricular lead with four electrodes and has recently been designed to provide more options and greater control in pacing vector selection. A lead with multiple pacing electrodes is a potential alternative to physical adjustment of the lead and may help to overcome high thresholds and phrenic nerve stimulation (PNS).
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