Urokinase-type plasminogen-activator (upa), a protease with cytokine-like activity in human hl-60 leukemic-cell line

HL-60, a cell line originating from a human myeloid leukemia, expresses urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) on the mRNA level and secretes the protein into the culture supernatant. Additionally, uPA receptors (uPA-R) could be detected in HL-60 on both the mRNA and the protein level, whereas the lymphoblastic cell line Raji studied in parallel was uPA-R negative. The cell lines were further studied in their clonal growth in methylcellulose under the influence of rhuPA (rhpro-uPA). The growth of Raji cells was not influenced by rhuPA. Colony and cluster formation of HL-60 was not reproducibly affected by rhuPA in concentrations between 1-100 ng/ml. In some experiments however, there were higher numbers of colonies in the HL-60 cultures incubated with rhuPA which was due to a cluster-to-colony shift. Furthermore, the HL-60 colonies in the rhuPA incubated plates always showed morphological alterations including an adherent basis indicating functional differentiation. This assumption was further supported by the observation that the secondary plating efficiency (PE2) of HL-60 cells taken from single colonies of uPA-incubated plates decreased significantly when compared with PE2 of cells from colonies grown without the presence of uPA. In conclusion, the intact uPA molecule functions like an autocrine cytokine for a human leukemic cell line, which in addition to its effects in tumor invasion makes it an interesting target molecule for further studies on tumor suppression.