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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Assessing Pupil-linked Changes in Locus Coeruleus-mediated Arousal Elicited by Trigeminal Stimulation

Assessing Pupil-linked Changes in Locus Coeruleus-mediated Arousal Elicited by Trigeminal Stimulation

Published on: November 26, 2019

Pupil size changes during recognition memory.

Samantha C Otero¹, Brendan S Weekes, Samuel B Hutton

¹School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.

Psychophysiology

|May 18, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Pupil dilation increases when recognizing previously seen items, reflecting memory strength. This pupil old/new effect is a reliable indicator of memory processes, even for false recognitions.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Psychophysiology

Background:

Pupil dilation is a physiological response linked to cognitive effort.
Previous research indicates pupil size changes during memory tasks, but underlying mechanisms are debated.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the cognitive processes underlying the pupil old/new effect in recognition memory.
To determine if the pupil old/new effect is modulated by memory strength and encoding depth.

Main Methods:

Three experiments were conducted using a remember/know procedure and pupillometry.
Stimuli were presented visually and acoustically, with varying encoding instructions (deep vs. shallow).
False recognition trials were included to assess the effect's specificity.

Main Results:

The pupil old/new effect was observed for both remembered and known items, though stronger for remembered items.
The effect persisted with acoustic stimulus presentation, ruling out low-level visual confounds.
Deeper encoding instructions led to a larger pupil old/new effect, suggesting a link to memory trace strength.
The pupil old/new effect was also present during false recognition.

Conclusions:

Pupil dilation in recognition memory tasks reflects a strength-of-memory signal.
Pupillometry is a valuable, non-invasive tool for studying the neural mechanisms of memory.
The pupil old/new effect is sensitive to memory strength and encoding processes.