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Drug Discovery: Overview

Drug Discovery: Overview

Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...

Prodrugs

Prodrugs

Prodrugs are a class of pharmaceutical compounds that undergo a biotransformation process within the body to be converted into a pharmacologically active drug. Prodrugs are designed to improve the therapeutic properties of the parent drug, such as enhancing bioavailability, increasing stability, or reducing toxicity. The concept of prodrugs revolves around modifying the chemical structure of the original drug to make it more effective or convenient for administration.
Prodrugs help overcome...

Pharmacovigilance

Pharmacovigilance

Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...

Drug Nomenclature

Drug Nomenclature

During the development of a new pharmaceutical, the manufacturer initially assigns a code name to the drug. Once approved, the drug receives a United States Adopted Name (USAN)—a generic, nonproprietary designation. Upon being listed in the United States Pharmacopeia, this nonproprietary name becomes the drug's official name. Additionally, the manufacturer assigns a proprietary name or trademark, which serves as the brand name under which the drug is marketed. It is worth noting that the same...

Drug Regulation

Drug Regulation

Drug regulation encompasses the management of drug usage by evaluating its safety and efficacy through assessments conducted by regulatory authorities. Regrettably, the history of drug regulation is marred by several catastrophic events. One such incident is the Elixir Sulfanilamide tragedy, in which the toxic compound diethyl glycol was included in a sweet-tasting medication, leading to numerous fatalities. This event prompted the enactment of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938. Under...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

A Data Integration Workflow to Identify Drug Combinations Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions

A Data Integration Workflow to Identify Drug Combinations Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions

Published on: May 27, 2021

Linked open drug data for pharmaceutical research and development.

Matthias Samwald¹, Anja Jentzsch, Christopher Bouton

¹Section for Medical Expert and Knowledge-Based Systems, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. samwald@gmx.at.

Journal of Cheminformatics

|May 18, 2011

Summary

Linking Open Drug Data (LODD) connects disparate drug information from various web sources. This integration facilitates deeper scientific insights and supports pharmaceutical research and development data sharing.

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Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System

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Published on: December 11, 2016

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

A Data Integration Workflow to Identify Drug Combinations Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions

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Published on: May 27, 2021

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System

Published on: December 11, 2016

Area of Science:

Bioinformatics
Data Science
Pharmacology

Background:

Vast amounts of drug-related data exist online, including medicinal chemistry, gene expression, and clinical trial outcomes.
Current data sources are often disconnected, hindering comprehensive analysis and insight generation.

Purpose of the Study:

To present the work of the Linking Open Drug Data (LODD) task force.
To highlight the importance of Linked Data for pharmaceutical research and development (R&D) data sharing.

Main Methods:

Surveying publicly available drug data.
Creating Linked Data representations of diverse drug datasets.
Identifying scientific and business questions addressable by connected data.

Main Results:

Development of recommendations for exposing data in a Linked Data format.
Demonstration of past and ongoing LODD initiatives.
Establishment of a foundation for pharmaceutical R&D data integration.

Conclusions:

Connected drug data through Linked Data principles is crucial for advancing pharmaceutical R&D.
LODD provides best practices for data integration, enabling more robust scientific discovery.