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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
Role of Reduced Coenzymes NADH and FADH₂01:29

Role of Reduced Coenzymes NADH and FADH₂

The energy released from the breakdown of the chemical bonds within nutrients can be stored either through the reduction of electron carriers or in the bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In living systems, a small class of compounds functions as mobile electron carriers, molecules that bind to and shuttle high-energy electrons between compounds in pathways. The principal electron carriers that will be considered originate from the B vitamin group and are derivatives of nucleotides; they are...
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Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response

Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
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Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Deacetylation Assays to Unravel the Interplay between Sirtuins (SIRT2) and Specific Protein-substrates
14:32

Deacetylation Assays to Unravel the Interplay between Sirtuins (SIRT2) and Specific Protein-substrates

Published on: February 27, 2016

Free [NADH]/[NAD(+)] regulates sirtuin expression.

Juan Gambini1, Mari Carmen Gomez-Cabrera, Consuelo Borras

  • 1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Fundacion Investigacion Hospital Clinico Universitario INCLIVA, Spain.

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
|May 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sirtuin expression is regulated by the redox state, specifically the ratio of NADH to NAD(+). This metabolic sensor is conserved across species, influencing longevity and metabolic control.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Deacetylation Assays to Unravel the Interplay between Sirtuins (SIRT2) and Specific Protein-substrates
14:32

Deacetylation Assays to Unravel the Interplay between Sirtuins (SIRT2) and Specific Protein-substrates

Published on: February 27, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Metabolic Regulation

Background:

  • Sirtuins are a class of deacetylases crucial for metabolic regulation and cellular longevity.
  • Their activity is known to be influenced by cellular energy status.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that sirtuins are redox-regulated by the cellular NADH/NAD(+) ratio.
  • To explore the conserved nature of this regulation across different organisms.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized NIH3T3 fibroblasts in cell culture.
  • Employed Drosophila melanogaster models fed with or without ethanol.
  • Studied exercising rat models.
  • Measured sirtuin mRNA and protein levels.
  • Assessed the impact on PGC-1α protein levels.

Main Results:

  • An increased NADH/NAD(+) ratio correlated with elevated sirtuin mRNA and protein expression in all three experimental models.
  • Fibroblasts treated with lactate and pyruvate showed increased PGC-1α protein, an effect abolished in sirtuin-deficient cells.
  • Demonstrated a conserved redox regulation of sirtuins from invertebrates to vertebrates.

Conclusions:

  • Sirtuin expression is tightly regulated by the NADH/NAD(+) ratio, acting as a key redox sensor.
  • This regulation is vital for sensing metabolite availability and is conserved across a wide range of species.
  • Highlights a fundamental mechanism linking cellular metabolism to sirtuin activity and potentially longevity.