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Related Concept Videos

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...

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Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives
08:46

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Published on: September 16, 2021

Ovarian stimulation: from basic science to clinical application.

Michael Ludwig1, Ricardo E Felberbaum, Klaus Diedrich

  • 1Division of Reproductive Medicine and Gynecologic Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinic, Lübeck, Germany. Ludwig_M@t-online.de

Reproductive Biomedicine Online
|May 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hormonal treatments for infertility have evolved significantly over the past century, from early non-human gonadotrophins to advanced recombinant versions and GnRH analogues, improving ovarian stimulation efficacy and administration.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive endocrinology
  • Infertility treatment
  • Medical history

Background:

  • Infertility treatments, including ovarian stimulation, have a century-long history.
  • Early treatments faced challenges like antibody formation (PMSG) and disease transmission risks (HPG).
  • Concerns about unknown urinary proteins and batch inconsistency affected early human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) preparations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a historical overview of the evolution of gonadotrophin treatments for infertility.
  • To highlight key advancements in ovarian stimulation protocols.
  • To discuss the development and impact of new gonadotrophin formulations and GnRH analogues/antagonists.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of infertility treatment literature.
  • Analysis of the development of hormonal stimulation agents.
  • Examination of advancements in gonadotrophin production and delivery.

Main Results:

  • Early gonadotrophins (PMSG, HPG) had limitations, necessitating safer and more effective alternatives.
  • Human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) improved upon earlier treatments but faced consistency issues.
  • Recombinant gonadotrophins and GnRH analogues/antagonists represent significant progress in efficacy and administration.

Conclusions:

  • The development of gonadotrophins has progressed from animal-derived to recombinant human sources.
  • GnRH analogues and antagonists have further refined ovarian stimulation protocols.
  • Continuous innovation has led to safer, more consistent, and effective infertility treatments.