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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle
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Trained immunity: a memory for innate host defense.

Mihai G Netea1, Jessica Quintin, Jos W M van der Meer

  • 1Department of Medicine and Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. m.netea@aig.umcn.nl

Cell Host & Microbe
|May 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mammalian innate immunity exhibits memory, termed "trained immunity," challenging the adaptive immune system

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Published on: July 11, 2015

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Disease
  • Host Defense

Background:

  • Adaptive immunity classically provides immunological memory.
  • Plants and invertebrates, lacking adaptive immunity, show pathogen resistance and transplant rejection.
  • Prior studies suggest cross-protection independent of T and B cells, and memory in innate cells like NK cells and macrophages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose the concept of
  • trained immunity
  • in mammalian innate immunity.
  • To suggest that innate immunity can remember past insults.
  • To explore the implications for host defense and immunological memory.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on innate and adaptive immunity.
  • Analysis of studies on cross-protection and innate cell memory.
  • Conceptual framework development for "trained immunity".

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests innate immune cells possess memory-like properties.
  • The concept of "trained immunity" , is proposed to explain these observations.
  • This challenges the traditional view of immunological memory.

Conclusions:

  • Mammalian innate immunity likely possesses a form of immunological memory.
  • "Trained immunity" , could redefine our understanding of host defense.
  • This concept may lead to novel vaccines and immunotherapies.