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Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ and tau...
Dementia01:30

Dementia

Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual.
Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Motor and Hippocampal Dependent Spatial Learning and Reference Memory Assessment in a Transgenic Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease with Stroke
09:45

Motor and Hippocampal Dependent Spatial Learning and Reference Memory Assessment in a Transgenic Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease with Stroke

Published on: March 22, 2016

Alzheimer's disease.

Dennis J Selkoe1

  • 1Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. dselkoe@rics.bwh.harvard.edu

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
|May 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Advances in genetics and pathology reveal that misfolded proteins cause neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. Understanding protein aggregation in Alzheimer's disease offers new therapeutic targets.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical science
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's were poorly understood.
  • Recent advances in biochemical pathology and genetics have shed light on their molecular basis.
  • A common theme is the misfolding and aggregation of neuronal proteins into toxic forms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular underpinnings of neurodegeneration, focusing on Alzheimer's disease.
  • To discuss how genetic insights have advanced understanding of disease etiology and pathogenesis.
  • To highlight mechanism-based therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of classical protein lesions in Alzheimer's disease.
  • Analysis of genotype-to-phenotype relationships in familial Alzheimer's disease.

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Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451
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Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Motor and Hippocampal Dependent Spatial Learning and Reference Memory Assessment in a Transgenic Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease with Stroke
09:45

Motor and Hippocampal Dependent Spatial Learning and Reference Memory Assessment in a Transgenic Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease with Stroke

Published on: March 22, 2016

Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451
05:17

Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451

Published on: April 18, 2025

  • Examination of protein misfolding and proteostasis in Alzheimer's pathogenesis.

    • Main Results:

    • Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis involves the misfolding and aggregation of amyloid β-protein and tau.
    • Genetics has been crucial in understanding the molecular basis of familial Alzheimer's disease.
    • These findings suggest specific, mechanism-based therapeutic strategies.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding protein misfolding and aggregation is key to neurodegeneration research.
    • Alzheimer's disease research has progressed significantly toward clinical applications.
    • Therapeutic strategies targeting amyloid β-protein and tau are under investigation.