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Flat Refractive Geometry.

T Treibitz, Y Schechner, C Kunz

IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence

|May 18, 2011

Summary

This study introduces a new physics-based model for non-single viewpoint (non-SVP) camera systems imaging through interfaces, like underwater cameras. The model improves geometric measurement accuracy by correcting distortions inherent in these non-SVP systems.

Area of Science:

Computer Vision
Geometric Optics
Photogrammetry

Background:

Traditional geometric studies focus on single viewpoint (SVP) cameras.
Non-SVP systems, particularly those with refractive interfaces (e.g., underwater imaging), are increasingly important.
Existing SVP models may introduce geometrical errors in non-SVP scenarios.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze and model perspective cameras imaging through a flat interface into a medium.
To characterize the viewpoint locus (caustic) and validate the invalidity of the SVP model in this context.
To develop a physics-based calibration and distortion compensation method for non-SVP systems.

Main Methods:

Analysis of flat-interface systems to define viewpoint locus (caustic).

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Development of a physics-based model parameterized by lens distance and focal length.

Calibration using a single image frame to determine system geometry.

Compensation for modeled system distortion.

Main Results:

The SVP model is proven invalid for this class of non-SVP systems.
A novel calibration method accurately determines system geometry from a single frame.
Geometrical measurements show significant accuracy improvements over SVP models.
Simulations confirm SVP model inaccuracies, except at constant ranges where it can be an approximation.

Conclusions:

The proposed physics-based model and calibration method effectively address distortions in non-SVP systems imaging through interfaces.
Accurate geometric measurements are achievable in challenging environments like underwater.
This work provides a foundation for more reliable computer vision applications in non-SVP scenarios.