Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...

What is the Endocrine System?

What is the Endocrine System?

The endocrine system sends hormones—chemical signals—through the bloodstream to target cells—the cells the hormones selectively affect. These signals are produced in endocrine cells, secreted into the extracellular fluid, and then diffuse into the blood. Eventually, they diffuse out of the blood and bind to target cells which have specialized receptors to recognize the hormones.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Robotic technology (ROBERT<sup>®</sup>) to enhance muscle strength in the hip flexor muscles following spinal cord injury: a feasibility study.

Spinal cord series and cases·2024

Same author

UTI assessment tool for intermittent catheter users: a way to include user perspectives and enhance quality of UTI management.

BMC nursing·2022

Same author

Telehealth for people with spinal cord injury: a narrative review.

Spinal cord·2018

Same author

Cell transplantation and clinical reality: Kuwait experience in persons with spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord·2018

Same author

Development and validation of a bowel-routine-based self-report questionnaire for sacral sparing after spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord·2017

Same author

International Spinal Cord Injury Core Data Set (version 2.0)-including standardization of reporting.

Spinal cord·2017

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury

Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury

Published on: February 1, 2018

The international spinal cord injury endocrine and metabolic function basic data set.

W A Bauman¹, F Biering-Sørensen, A Krassioukov

¹Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research & Development Center of Excellence for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA. william.bauman@va.gov

|May 18, 2011

Summary

A new International Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Endocrine and Metabolic Function Data Set was developed to standardize endocrine and metabolic data collection in individuals with SCI. This resource aids consistent reporting of conditions like diabetes and osteoporosis post-injury.

More Related Videos

In Vivo Telemetry to Record Long-Term Cardiovascular Parameters, Temperature, and Activity in Spinal Cord Injury Rat Models

In Vivo Telemetry to Record Long-Term Cardiovascular Parameters, Temperature, and Activity in Spinal Cord Injury Rat Models

Published on: January 2, 2026

A Radio-telemetric System to Monitor Cardiovascular Function in Rats with Spinal Cord Transection and Embryonic Neural Stem Cell Grafts

A Radio-telemetric System to Monitor Cardiovascular Function in Rats with Spinal Cord Transection and Embryonic Neural Stem Cell Grafts

Published on: October 7, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury

Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury

Published on: February 1, 2018

In Vivo Telemetry to Record Long-Term Cardiovascular Parameters, Temperature, and Activity in Spinal Cord Injury Rat Models

In Vivo Telemetry to Record Long-Term Cardiovascular Parameters, Temperature, and Activity in Spinal Cord Injury Rat Models

Published on: January 2, 2026

A Radio-telemetric System to Monitor Cardiovascular Function in Rats with Spinal Cord Transection and Embryonic Neural Stem Cell Grafts

A Radio-telemetric System to Monitor Cardiovascular Function in Rats with Spinal Cord Transection and Embryonic Neural Stem Cell Grafts

Published on: October 7, 2014

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Metabolic Disorders
Spinal Cord Injury Research

Background:

Spinal cord injury (SCI) significantly impacts endocrine and metabolic functions.
Standardized data collection is crucial for understanding and managing these complications in the SCI population.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop the International Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Endocrine and Metabolic Function Basic Data Set.
To facilitate consistent collection and reporting of endocrine and metabolic findings in individuals with SCI.

Main Methods:

A working group developed the data set, incorporating feedback from international SCI organizations and individual reviewers.
The draft data set was made available online for public comment via ISCoS and ASIA websites.

Main Results:

The final data set includes questions on endocrine and metabolic conditions diagnosed before and after SCI.
Key areas covered are diabetes mellitus, lipid disorders, osteoporosis, thyroid, adrenal, gonadal, and pituitary diseases.
Data collection guidelines and the data sheet are freely accessible online.

Conclusions:

The developed data set provides a standardized framework for collecting essential endocrine and metabolic information in SCI.
This tool is expected to improve the consistency and quality of research and clinical care for individuals with SCI.