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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute pancreatitis is the sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused by the early activation of digestive enzymes, leading to the autodigestion of pancreatic tissue. This results in local inflammation and, in severe cases, systemic complications.EtiologyUnderstanding the underlying causes is crucial, as identifying the etiology guides treatment and anticipates complications. Acute pancreatitis can be triggered by various factors, typically grouped into the following clinical categories.Biliary...
Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:
Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction01:30

Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction

Drug–drug interactions can precipitate toxicity through multiple mechanisms. Absorption interactions alter how drugs enter the body, exemplified when ranitidine increases the absorption of basic drugs, while cholestyramine decreases the levels of propranolol. Protein binding interactions occur when drugs share the same binding sites on plasma proteins. Drugs like aspirin and warfarin, when bound in excess, can lead to increased free drug concentrations, enhancing the potential for...
Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:30

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Disease States and Pharmacology01:25

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Disease States and Pharmacology

Multiple disease states can significantly influence the oral drug absorption process by affecting blood flow and the functionality of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Various GI diseases, including conditions that alter GI motility, such as diarrhea, decreased acid secretions (achlorhydria), and infections, have been associated with reduced drug absorption.
Substances such as alcohol and specific drugs, including antineoplastics, can also negatively impact drug absorption. For instance,...
Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:23

Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management

The clinical manifestations of gastritis can vary depending on the cause and type of gastritis, but some common symptoms may include the following.
Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis
The patient with acute gastritis may have a rapid onset of symptoms, such as epigastric pain or discomfort, dyspepsia, anorexia, hiccups, or nausea and vomiting, which can last from a few hours to a few days. Erosive or hemorrhagic gastritis may cause bleeding, which may manifest as blood in vomit or as...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Sodium Taurocholate Induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis in C57BL/6 Mice
06:35

Sodium Taurocholate Induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis in C57BL/6 Mice

Published on: June 28, 2021

Drug interaction presenting as acute abdomen.

Rajesh Pendlimari1, Rajeswari Anaparthy, Aravind Sugumar

  • 1Rajesh Pendlimari, Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States.

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics
|May 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary

A rare but fatal drug interaction occurred when vaginal miconazole caused a supra-therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR) in a patient taking warfarin. This highlights the need for careful INR monitoring when adding new medications.

Keywords:
Drug interactionsInternational normalized ratioIntramural hematomaMiconazoleSupra therapeuticWarfarin

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Sodium Taurocholate Induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis in C57BL/6 Mice
06:35

Sodium Taurocholate Induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis in C57BL/6 Mice

Published on: June 28, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Warfarin is a widely used oral anticoagulant.
  • Adverse drug interactions (ADIs) with warfarin are common, particularly in the elderly and polypharmacy patients.
  • Interactions typically involve oral or intravenous drugs, but topical/mucosal absorption can also cause issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of intestinal intramural hematoma secondary to a supra-therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR).
  • To identify mucosally absorbed miconazole as the cause of the supra-therapeutic INR.
  • To emphasize the potential for fatal drug interactions and the importance of INR monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Case report presentation.
  • Review of patient's medication history and laboratory values.
  • Analysis of drug-drug interaction potential.

Main Results:

  • A patient developed an intestinal intramural hematoma, a rare complication of elevated INR.
  • The supra-therapeutic INR was attributed to the concurrent use of vaginal miconazole, which was absorbed mucosally.
  • This interaction underscores the risk of warfarin level fluctuations from seemingly innocuous drug administrations.

Conclusions:

  • Mucosal absorption of miconazole can lead to a supra-therapeutic INR and potentially fatal complications like intramural hematoma in warfarin patients.
  • Frequent INR monitoring is crucial when initiating or discontinuing medications in patients on warfarin therapy.
  • Healthcare providers should be vigilant about potential drug interactions, even with topically or mucosally administered drugs.