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Related Concept Videos

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles01:11

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles

Naming Amides
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.
2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
Nomenclature of Primary Amines01:17

Nomenclature of Primary Amines

Primary, secondary, and tertiary amines are compounds consisting of one, two, and three alkyl groups connected to the amino group (–NH2), respectively. As depicted in Figure 1, the common name of the primary amines is obtained by adding the suffix -amine to the alkyl substituent attached to the amino group as the corresponding alkylamine.
Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines01:10

Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines

The simplest aromatic amine is phenylamine, which contains an –NH2 functionality directly attached to an aromatic ring. The name aniline is designated for this skeleton. As shown in Figure 1, the common names of the functionalized anilines involve prefixes ortho-, meta-, and para- to indicate the substitution position. Different functionalized aniline derivatives also have notable trivial names.
Physical Properties of Amines01:26

Physical Properties of Amines

Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.

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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

A General Method for Detecting Nitrosamide Formation in the In Vitro Metabolism of Nitrosamines by Cytochrome P450s
07:38

A General Method for Detecting Nitrosamide Formation in the In Vitro Metabolism of Nitrosamines by Cytochrome P450s

Published on: September 25, 2017

N-(4-Nitro-phen-yl)cinnamamide.

Aamer Saeed, Rasheed Ahmad Khera, Muhammad Shahid

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study details the crystal structure of a specific organic molecule, C(15)H(12)N(2)O(3). Molecular analysis reveals near-planar geometry and intermolecular interactions that form a stable 2D network in its solid state.

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    Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

    Published on: November 23, 2016

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    Published on: September 25, 2017

    Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase
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    Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

    Published on: November 23, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Organic Chemistry
    • Molecular Structure

    Background:

    • Understanding molecular conformation and intermolecular forces is crucial in materials science.
    • Crystal engineering aims to design materials with specific properties based on predictable intermolecular interactions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(15)H(12)N(2)O(3).
    • To analyze the molecular geometry, including dihedral angles between aromatic rings.
    • To investigate the intermolecular interactions driving crystal packing.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the three-dimensional structure.
    • Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral angles provided geometric insights.
    • Identification and analysis of intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking.

    Main Results:

    • The molecule C(15)H(12)N(2)O(3) exhibits a small dihedral angle (3.04°) between its phenyl rings.
    • The central NOC(3) fragment is planar, with specific dihedral angles relative to the phenyl and nitro-phenyl rings (8.23° and 7.29°, respectively).
    • Intermolecular N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O interactions form a 2D network, further stabilized by π-π contacts (3.719 Å).

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure of C(15)H(12)N(2)O(3) is characterized by a near-planar conformation and specific ring orientations.
    • Intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking, play a significant role in stabilizing the observed two-dimensional network.
    • These findings contribute to the understanding of structure-property relationships in organic crystalline materials.